# 카지노 사이트 가이드 – 2026년 인기 온라인 카지노 게임 소개

> 카지노 사이트는 다양한 온라인 카지노 게임을 제공하는 멀티 플랫폼으로 바카라, 블랙잭, 룰렛, 슬롯 등의 게임을 라이브 딜러와 함께 플레이할 수 있습니다.


## Posts

- [Beyond oil: Shanghai](https://peakoil.net/publications/beyond-oil-shanghai/): Publication date: 2008-06-04 First published in: www.peakoil.net Authors: H. Palmer, M. Dudley Abstract: The catch-word of the day is Sustainability. It’s been used so much lately that it has become legitimate to preface any discussion about it by stating that the term itself has become depleted. On the other hand, if we set limitations on our future that are specific and concrete, sustainability becomes something other than a diffuse goal. Suddenly it is not just a distant somewhere or sometime – but instead, a Something that is generated en passant, in the process of attempting to solve an acute problem [&hellip;]
- [An evaluation of the readiness of UK companies for disruptions in energy supply](https://peakoil.net/publications/an-evaluation-of-the-readiness-of-uk-companies-for-disruptions-in-energy-supply/): Publication date: 2007-07-07 First Published in: University of Liverpool Authors: James Young Abstract: The UK faces long-term challenges to the reliability of its energy supplies, arising from a combination of domestic resource depletion, subsequent dependence on eroding global raw fuel reserves, poor infrastructure investment and worsening weather. This study evaluates the readiness of UK companies for such disruption. The literature suggests that the approach to business continuity planning is not taking account of these emergent risks and thus companies are unprepared. Selected UK businesses were asked for their views on business continuity planning. This information gathering comprised both qualitative and [&hellip;]
- [Towards a holistic framework for road safety in Australia](https://peakoil.net/publications/towards-a-holistic-framework-for-road-safety-in-australia/): Publication date: 2008-07-02 First published in: Journal of Transport Geography Authors: M. May et al Abstract: Current road safety programs and thinking in Australia are constructed within a paradigm that tends to accept existing cultural arrangements. Such programs, therefore, favor symptomatic solutions and technical and physical solutions as a way forward. A fundamental redesign of cultural arrangements is necessary to challenge the “culture of speed.” Our research is developing a holistic, social, ecological model for reconnecting road safety with communities that value quality of life and slower ways of being. Improving road safety through a reduction in the volume and [&hellip;]
- [Lump sums](https://peakoil.net/publications/lump-sums/): Publication date: 2008-03-05 First published in: The Guardian Authors: David Strahan Abstract: Oil production may soon &#8216;peak&#8217;, but what about coal? David Strahan reports on the recent figures that suggest global reserves may not be nearly as plentiful as the industry and governments have led us to believe. Available from: The Guardian
- [The New Oil Reality](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/the-new-oil-reality/): Washington Post has expanded its investigating reportage section, Oil Shock, and continued to dig deeper into the new oil reality and the driving forces behind the dramatic increases in oil price. They point out remarkable events that have passed by unnoticed in most other media. For instance that earlier this month, Valero Energy in Texas got the unwelcome news that Mexico would be cutting supplies to one of the company&#8217;s Gulf Coast refineries by up to 15 percent. Mexico&#8217;s state-owned oil enterprise is one of Valero&#8217;s main sources of crude, but oil output from Mexican fields, including the giant Cantarell [&hellip;]
- [A critical review of IEAs oil demand forecast for China](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-critical-review-of-ieas-oil-demand-forecast-for-china/): Publication date: 2008-03-01 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: W. Nel &amp; C. Cooper Abstract: China has a rapidly growing economy with a rapidly increasing demand for oil. The International Energy Agency (IEA) investigated possible future oil demand scenarios for China in the 2006 World Energy Outlook. The debate on whether oil supplies will be constrained soon, because of limited new discoveries, raises the concern that the oil industry may not be able to produce sufficient oil to meet this demand. This paper examines the historical relationship between economic growth and oil consumption in some countries. Logistic curve characteristics are [&hellip;]
- [IEA: Non-Opec oil could peak in two years](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-non-opec-oil-could-peak-in-two-years/): Oil production in non-Opec countries is set to peak within the next two years, leaving the world increasingly dependent on supplies from the cartel of exporting nations, according to one of the world&#8217;s leading energy experts. The North Sea is one of the fastest-declining energy-rich regions in the world, with output falling by an average of 7.5% a year since 2002. “The days of the international oil companies are coming to a glorious end because their reserves are declining and they will have difficulty accessing new reserves,” Dr. Birol told The Times. “In future we expect most of the new [&hellip;]
- [Study of World Oil Resources with a Comparison to IPCC Emissions Scenarios](https://peakoil.net/publications/study-of-world-oil-resources-with-a-comparison-to-ipcc-emissions-scenarios/): Publication date: 2004-01-01 First published in: Uppsala University Authors: Anders Sivertsson Abstract: Our society today is very dependent on oil and gas, almost 65% of the total primary energy consumption in the world is produced from oil and gas. Due to the vast amounts of oil consumed every year, discussions occur regarding whether we will, or will not, run out of oil in the future. Another topic of discussion is the amounts of CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. The purpose of this M.Sc. thesis work was, firstly, to upgrade a substantial database on world oil and gas [&hellip;]
- [Russian Oil - a Depletion Rate Model estimate of the future Russian oil production and export](https://peakoil.net/publications/russian-oil-a-depletion-rate-model-estimate-of-the-future-russian-oil-production-and-ex/): Publication date: 2007-10-01 First published in: Uppsala University Authors: Aram Mäkivierikko Abstract: Oil is a heavily used natural resource with a limited supply. Russia is one of the largest oil producers and the second largest oil-exporting country in the world. Many surrounding countries are dependent on Russian energy. Swedish oil import from Russia has grown from 5% to 35% during 2001-2005. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 caused the Russian oil production to drop by 50%. The production is currently growing again – but how will it develop in the future? This report studies different scenarios for Russian [&hellip;]
- [News from 2007](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/news-from-2007/): Press release: ASPO China is formed On the 26th of October 2007, a Peak Oil workshop was held at the China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB). It was unanimously agreed that ASPO China should be formed and that Peak Oil research and modelling is essential to China. The &#8220;ASPO Effect&#8221; At a peak of the oil prize the ASPO USA yearly conference starts in Huston. The coincidence has made media using a new expression to explain the high oil prize, the “ASPO Effect”.  The question is if just information about reality will affect the oil prize? Probably is the effect [&hellip;]
- [Energy tsunami coming, ex-policymakers warn](https://peakoil.net/renewable/energy-tsunami-coming-ex-policymakers-warn/): A bipartisan group of 27 elder statesmen is sending an open letter to both presidential candidates and every member of Congress saying the country faces &#8220;a long-term energy crisis&#8221; that threatens the security and prosperity of future generations if swift action isn&#8217;t taken. The group includes Henry Kissinger, Colin Powell and six other former secretaries of state or defense, former senators of both parties and a half-dozen former senior White House advisers and other Cabinet officers for both Republican and Democratic presidents. The letter includes 13 broad recommendations. They include aggressively promoting energy efficiency and reducing power consumption, increased commitments [&hellip;]
- [The Next Oil Crisis Looms Large and Perhaps Close](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-next-oil-crisis-looms-large-and-perhaps-close/): Publication date: 1998-08-01 First published in Science Authors: R. A. Kerr Abstract: Many economists foresee another half-century of cheap oil, but a growing contingent of geologists warns that oil will begin to run out much sooner&#8211;perhaps in only ten years. The optimists are mainly those who put their faith in new technology for finding and extracting oil and expect that production will meet the rise in demand until about 50 years from now&#8211;plenty of time for the development of alternatives. But the pessimists say that even taking into account the best efforts of the explorations and the discovery of new [&hellip;]
- [Out of Gas: The End of the Age Of Oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/out-of-gas-the-end-of-the-age-of-oil/): Publication date: 2005-02-28 First Published in: Book Authors: David Goodstein Abstract: Review from Publishers Weekly: Everyone agrees we will run out of fossil fuels someday-Goodstein, a Caltech professor, argues it will be sooner rather than later based on the petrochemical data available. In this alarming little book, portions of which were originally published in a bioethics journal, Goodstein explains with limited jargon that we will completely exhaust oil supplies within ten years. He warns that we have reached, or even surpassed Hubbert&#8217;s Peak, the moment when we have consumed half of all oil known to exist and will likely use [&hellip;]
- [Mitigation of maximum world oil production: Shortage scenarios](https://peakoil.net/publications/mitigation-of-maximum-world-oil-production-shortage-scenarios/): A framework is developed for planning the mitigation of the oil shortages that will be caused by world oil production reaching a maximum and going into decline. To estimate potential economic impacts, a reasonable relationship between percent decline in global oil supply and percent decline in world GDP was determined to be roughly 1:1. As a limiting case for decline rates, giant fields were examined. Actual oil production from Europe and North America indicated significant periods of relatively flat oil production (plateaus). However, before entering its plateau period, North American oil production went through a sharp peak and steep decline. [&hellip;]
- [Alternatives to conventional crude oil: When, how quickly, and market driven](https://peakoil.net/publications/alternatives-to-conventional-crude-oil-when-how-quickly-and-market-driven/): Publication date: 2008-02-13 First Published in: Ecological Economics Authors: R. Kaufmann &amp; L. Shiers Abstract: We examine the effect of uncertainty concerning remaining supplies of conventional crude oil and its production path on the date alternative fuels will be needed, the quantity of alternative fuels needed, and how this uncertainty affects firms&#8217; willingness to provide alternatives in a timely fashion. Despite the fact that large uncertainties about the quantity of oil that remains and its production path, the start date for replacements are likely to fall within a twenty-two year period that is narrower and earlier than previous estimates. The [&hellip;]
- [Biofuels in the energy transition beyond peak oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/biofuels-in-the-energy-transition-beyond-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2008-03-05 First Published in: Energy Authors: M. Robert et al Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the potential for a full transition to domestically produced biofuels in the Stockholm County transport system in 2030, without exceeding the proportional share of national bioenergy assets. This target is chosen to test the potential of biofuel assets in Sweden, facilitating the transition to renewable fuel systems, and to display the potential of transport energy demand at a macro level under tighter conditions in the energy market after fossil oil production has peaked. The distribution of bioenergy to the [&hellip;]
- [Discussion reply: Peak Oil - a fact of reality](https://peakoil.net/publications/discussion-reply-peak-oil-a-fact-of-reality/): Publication date: 2007-06-01 First published in: Journal Of Petroleum Technology Authors: Kjell Aleklett Abstract: The February 2007 issue of JPT included a Guest Editorial by Peter M. Jackson of CERA. He discussed “peak oil theory” and concluded that “the peak oil lobby”—a group of professionals that forecasts world conventional oil peaking within a decade —“allows fear to replace careful analysis.” Jackson asserts that only CERA has performed a “careful analysis,” and he urges that the world adopt its “market view” forecast. We challenge that position because we believe CERA has failed to explicitly justify its very optimistic conclusions. Too much [&hellip;]
- [Analysis of World Oil Production Based on the Fitting of the Logistic Function and its Derivatives](https://peakoil.net/publications/analysis-of-world-oil-production-based-on-the-fitting-of-the-logistic-function-and-its/): Publication date: 2007-10-01 First Published in: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy Authors: W. B Carlson Abstract: Logistic functions were used to model the depletion of the uniform resource for the case of world oil production. Results are presented for various curve fits to determine the value of parameters that best match the historical record of world oil production. Calculations depict a range of resource limits, namely the ultimately recoverable resource (URR) and the peak year of production (PY) for both assumed URR (two parameters) models and variable URR (three parameters) models. Logistic fitting yields a minimum URR [&hellip;]
- [Developing indicators for managing tourism in the face of peak oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/developing-indicators-for-managing-tourism-in-the-face-of-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2007-08-30 First published in: Tourism Management Authors: S. Becken Abstract: In its present form, tourism is dependent on the availability of oil and is comparatively oil-intensive. While forecasts for future tourism growth are optimistic, there is also increasing evidence about the imminence of a peak in oil production and the economic effects that this would cause. Globally and on a destination level, it will be necessary to consider how a transition towards fossil-fuel free economies might look like for tourism.It is therefore timely and prudent for the tourism sector to consider its current oil requirements and derive indicators [&hellip;]
- [Coal Futures](https://peakoil.net/publications/coal-futures/): Publication date: 2007-07-31 First published in: American Scientist Authors: David Schneider Published in: American Scientist, July-August 2007 Available from: American Scientist ( full text below ) Will this energy standby truly last for centuries—or just decades? With the price of gasoline so volatile of late, it is not hard to accept the argument that the world may be entering the period of &#8220;peak oil,&#8221; time in which the extraction of oil from the ground becomes limited by geological constraints on the amount globally available. Resource analysts differ in their assessments. Some believe the peak in oil production from conventional sources [&hellip;]
- [Comment: Just how much oil does the Middle East really have, and does it matter?](https://peakoil.net/publications/comment-just-how-much-oil-does-the-middle-east-really-have-and-does-it-matter/): Publication date: 2005-04-04 First published in: Oil &amp; Gas Journal Authors: Colin J. Campbell Abstract: Just a few months ago, oil economists were debating if the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had the power to hold oil prices in the mid-$20/bbl range. There was a talk of the increasing demands for oil from China&#8217;s new economic prosperity, but generally, the age-old perception that supply must always equal demand in a properly functioning open market remained intact. Admittedly, it was recognized that production in North America was in constant decline, meaning that the need for growing imports was not about to [&hellip;]
- [Data shows oceanic methane hydrate resource over-estimated](https://peakoil.net/publications/data-shows-oceanic-methane-hydrate-resource-over-estimated/): Publication date: 1999-09-01 First published in: Offshore Magazine Authors: J. Laherrere Abstract: Methane hydrates are well known to the oil industry as a material for clogging pipelines and casings. They are also present in permafrost areas and the oceans. Oceanic hydrates are mainly biogenic and different from thermogenic hydrates. Claims for widespread hydrate occurrence in thick oceanic deposits are unfounded. The thickest interval recovered from a total of 250,000 meters of core from 2,300 ODP/DSDP boreholes was one meter. Mostly, they occur as dispersed grains and laminae. Indirect evidence from BSR, seismic direct hydrocarbon indicators, logs, and free gas samples [&hellip;]
- [A Crash Program Scenario for the Canadian Oil Sands Industry](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-crash-program-scenario-for-the-canadian-oil-sands-industry/): Publication date: 2007-03-01 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: B. Soderbergh et al Abstract: The report Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation and Risk Management, by Robert L. Hirsch et al., concludes that Peak Oil is going to happen and that global large-scale mitigation efforts are necessary to avoid its possible devastating effects for the world economy. These efforts include accelerated production, referred to as crash program production, from Canada&#8217;s oil sands. The objective of this article is to investigate and analyze what production levels that might be reasonable to expect from a crash program for the Canadian oil [&hellip;]
- [OPEC’s Growing Call on Itself](https://peakoil.net/publications/opec-s-growing-call-on-itself/): Publication date: 2007-09-10 First published in: CIBC World Markets Authors: Jeff Rubin, Peter Buchanan Abstract: The call on OPEC has long been referred to as a measure of pressure on world supply, is the difference between world demand and non-cartel production. But increasingly, what bears watching is OPEC’s growing call on itself, which is simply the difference between what OPEC produces and what it consumes. Not only is the cartel, along with other key producers like Russia and Mexico, struggling to grow production, but at the same time, their internal consumption rates of oil are soaring. So much so that [&hellip;]
- [Sensitivity of Predicted Oil Production to the Sigmoid Function](https://peakoil.net/publications/sensitivity-of-predicted-oil-production-to-the-sigmoid-function/): Publication date: 2007-10-01 First published in: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy Authors: W. B. Carlson Abstract: Mathematical parameters relating to the sensitivity of oil production are modeled by the standard sigmoid function. An analysis of the function is fitted to present and past production data for different ultimately recoverable reserve (URR) assumptions. The sigmoid exponent (S) and peak production year (P) are correlated to past production data in order to model near-term (10-15 year) production. Peak production rates are determined based upon the derivative of the fitted sigmoid function. Published in: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, [&hellip;]
- [ASPO Kuwait Enters The Arena](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-kuwait-enters-the-arena/): One of the newest additions to ASPO International is ASPO Kuwait. They were started in 2008 and consists of mostly chemical engineers. ASPO Kuwait is lead by the engineer Ahmad Al-Majed. The group has already been interviewed by newspaper, radio and national TV. Find out more from their homepage: ASPO Kuwait (some sections are still under construction). Below you can see some excerpts from the &#8220;Good Morning Kuwait&#8221; TV-show, where they were interviewed.
- [Oil price breaks 140 dollar/barrel barrier!](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/oil-price-breaks-140-dollar-barrel-barrier/): Oil prices crossed 140 dollars a barrel for the first time in New York and London on Thursday amid a declining dollar and after OPEC warned prices could hit 170 dollars this year. New York&#8217;s main oil futures contract, light sweet crude for August delivery, shot up 5.50 dollars to trade as high as 140.05 dollars per barrel. In London, Brent North Sea crude for August jumped 6.05 dollars to 140.38 dollars. The price of crude oil shot up on the new dollar weakness, which makes the dollar-denominated commodity cheaper for buyers using stronger currencies. The president of the Organization [&hellip;]
- [EIA slashes forecast for world oil output by 2010](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/eia-slashes-forecast-for-world-oil-output-by-2010/): The US Energy Information Administration said crude oil production from non-Opec countries would not be able to keep up with growing global demand in the next few years, forcing oil consuming nations to rely more on Opec for supplies. In its long-term energy forecast, the EIA lowered its estimate of non-Opec oil production in 2010 to 51.8 million barrels per day, down 1.1 million bpd from last year&#8217;s forecast. For the same period, Opec oil output was cut by just 400,000 bpd to 37.4 million. Meanwhile, world oil demand in 2010 will be 1.5 million bpd less than previously thought [&hellip;]
- [BP challenges ASPO in bet over peak oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/bp-challenges-aspo-in-bet-over-peak-oil/): BP Plc Chief Executive Officer Tony Hayward is putting money on the line to dispute the theory of peak oil, according to his counterparty in the wager Kjell Aleklett, a professor at Sweden&#8217;s Uppsala University. Hayward bet Aleklett the price of one barrel of oil in 2018 that global crude production will be greater than the current daily output of 85.5 million barrels, the professor said during his speech at the Asia Oil and Gas Conference in Kuala Lumpur. Total supply was 86.8 million barrels a day, including natural gas liquids such as propane. I am upset that the bet [&hellip;]
- [General Motors: High gas prices are here to stay](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/general-motors-high-gas-prices-are-here-to-stay/): General Motors indirectly spoke about peak oil and the declining supply of liquid fuels in their latest announcement. GM announced plans to shut four truck and SUV plants that employ thousands of workers. It also said high gas prices are here to stay &#8211; and, with them, consumers&#8217; growing preference for more fuel-efficient vehicles. &#8220;These higher gasoline prices are changing consumer behavior and rapidly,&#8221; said Wagoner. &#8220;We don&#8217;t think this is a temporary spike or shift. We think it is permanent.&#8221; GM also have approved production of new electric cars. Besides from that GM plans to increase production of some [&hellip;]
- [ASPO Conference in Barcelona](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-conference-in-barcelona/): The next ASPO conference will take place in Barcelona in Spain during 20-21 October 2008. The traditional topics, such as oil and gas (and coal), will be discussed by various speakers. Apart from that also energy security and other proposed subjects, such as renewables in general and biofuels in particular together with local and regional solutions, will be presented. A more detailed schedule and list of speakers will appear later. For more information check out the official conference homepage at http://aspo-spain.org/aspo7 (coming soon). This page will also include registration procedures and subscription fees and conditions. Additional information and a summary [&hellip;]
- [T. Boone Pickens: "$150 before the end of the year"](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/t-boone-pickens-150-before-the-end-of-the-year/): The legendary oilman, T. Boone Pickens, is famous for his knowledge of the oil market. He is often correct in his predictions. Mr. Pickens is also known for his belief in peak oil and the fact that the world oil production soon will reach its maximum level. &#8220;I think you&#8217;re going to see $150 before the end of the year,&#8221; Mr. Pickens told CNBC viewers on Tuesday. In the US the rising oil prices have created many discussions. State and local politicians in Minnesota, Connecticut, and Oregon have begun to fret about the consequences of declining production and have commissioned [&hellip;]
- [Mexican crude oil production falling fast](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/mexican-crude-oil-production-falling-fast/): The Mexican oil company, Pemex, released figures of the crude production in April. The decline is 13%, the most in more than 12 years, as output at its largest field, Cantarell declined faster than the company forecast. Output has been on a decline since reaching a peak in December 2003. Since 1999, proved reserves had been more than halved to 14.7 billion barrels of crude oil equivalent. Cantarell production fell 30% in March compared with a year earlier, the largest drop since October 1995.
- [Oil up on reduced prognoses](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/oil-up-on-reduced-prognoses/): by BJÖRN LINDAHL bjorn.lindahl@svd.se The International Energy Agency, IEA, has made a significant downward adjustment in its prognosis for oil production up to 2030. That is an important explanation for the latest rally in oil prices. Yesterday, the price for American oil passed $135 per barrel. According to the Wall Street Journal, the IEA, which represents 26 industrial nations, will adjust its estimate of oil production in 2030 downwards from 116 million barrels of oil per day to 100 Mbpd. The world’s oil production today lies at 85 Mbpd. The oil investments that are needed will be high, much higher [&hellip;]
- [CNN in discussion with ASPO](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/cnn-in-discussion-with-aspo/): Matthew Knight has written an article for CNN, “Briefing: Oil”, and in the preparation for this article he called ASPO. We rely on it to power our everyday lives, and it drives the economy worldwide, but oil faces an uncertain future in the 21st century. Black gold is increasingly expensive, environmentally damaging and, in the view of some experts, increasingly scarce. How much oil do we currently consume? In short, a lot. We get through around 30 billion barrels a year currently, which amounts to around 82 million barrels every day. Consumption varies enormously around the world, but no prizes [&hellip;]
- [IEA is down scaling its forecast of future oil production](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/iea-is-down-scaling-its-forecast-of-future-oil-production/): Downscaling from 116 Mbpd to 100 Mbpd is the first step of three that IEA must take when it comes to oil production in 2030. Energy Watchdog Warns Of Oil-Production Crunch The world&#8217;s premier energy monitor is preparing a sharp downward revision of its oil-supply forecast, a shift that reflects deepening pessimism over whether oil companies can keep abreast of booming demand. The Paris-based International Energy Agency is in the middle of its first attempt to comprehensively assess the condition of the world&#8217;s top 400 oil fields. Its findings won&#8217;t be released until November. Read more: WSJ
- [Dr. Hirsch Discusses Peak Oil on CNBC](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/dr-hirsch-discusses-peak-oil-on-cnbc/): Dr. Bob Hirsch was on CNBC last night, and discussed about the future of the oil reserves. We uploaded the video to Youtube for our readers.
- [The coming crisis: ASPO in editorial in Washington Times](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-coming-crisis-aspo-in-editorial-in-washington-times/): For more than a decade, English petroleum geologist Colin Campbell has been sounding the warning bell about the coming of peak oil and its disturbing ramifications for the world. Since 2005 Dr. Robert Hirsch has been giving specific warnings for the United States through a series of Department of Energy-sponsored reports outlining the dangers to America if the peak finds us unprepared. And in the past year, the GAO, the National Petroleum Council, and scores of other organizations and governments around the world have reported on the severe consequences the world might incur once the peak has been achieved. The [&hellip;]
- [Assessing the date of the global oil peak: The need to use 2P reserves](https://peakoil.net/publications/assessing-the-date-of-the-global-oil-peak-the-need-to-use-2p-reserves/): Publication date: 2007-12-01 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: R. Bentley et al Abstract: Combining geological knowledge with proved plus probable (‘2P’) oil discovery data indicates that over 60 countries are now past their resource-limited peak of conventional oil production. The data show that the global peak of conventional oil production is close. Many analysts who rely only on proved (‘1P’) oil reserves data draw a very different conclusion. But proved oil reserves contain no information about the true size of discoveries, being variously under-reported, over-reported and not reported. Reliance on 1P data has led to some misconceptions, including the [&hellip;]
- [Shell versus Peak Oil at CNBC](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/shell-versus-peak-oil-at-cnbc/): John Hofmeister, president of Royal Dutch Shell&#8217;s US operations, was interviewed about peak oil and the supply issue on CNBC’s Squawk Box. He attacked the peak oil theory as popularized by Matthew Simmons, the author of &#8220;Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy.&#8221; The comments from Hofmeister and a summary of the interview can be found here and Matthew Simmons response can be viewed at this link. Some of the most interesting statements from were: “The peak oil theory has swamped the world — God bless Matt Simmons,” Hofmeister told CNBC. Simmons is mistaken, [&hellip;]
- [Dr. Colin Campbell](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/dr-colin-campbell/): Colin Campbell has over 40 years of experience in the oil industry. He earned a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Oxford in 1957 and had worked as a petroleum geologist in the field, as a manager, and as a consultant. He has been employed by Oxford University, Texaco, British Petroleum, Amoco, Shenandoah Oil, Norsk Hydro, and Fina, and has worked with the Bulgarian and Swedish governments. His writing credits include two books and more than 150 papers. Colin is now a Trustee of the Oil Depletion Analysis Centre (&#8220;ODAC&#8221;) in the United Kingdom, a charitable organization in London [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil Time for ExxonMobil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-time-for-exxonmobil/): Even though ExxonMobil never will use the word &#8220;Peak Oil&#8221; they have in fact used it by saying that the production will stay flat to 2012. Another problem that Exxon and the other majors have is that they cannot replace the yearly produced oil win new oil reserves. Instead, they talk about oil equivalence. This was shown in the thesis of Fredric Robelius from the Global Energy Systems group at Uppsala University in Sweden, Page 115: “To summarize, the four largest private oil companies have not succeeded in increasing neither production nor reserves despite an increase in the oil price [&hellip;]
- [We would not have $110 oil today, If the World had been listening to ASPO](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/if-the-world-had-been-listening-to-aspo-we-would-not-have-110-oil-today/): As the last speaker in the House on March 14th, Congressman Roscoe Bartlett, rose to speak about Peak Oil, marking the anniversary of his first special address on Peak Oil three years ago; “Mr. Speaker, I think this is probably the 40th time I have come here, because this is the third anniversary of the first time I came here, which was on March 14, exactly 3 years ago.” A special guest sat in the gallery; “Well, this is a very special day for me today because I have a very good friend, Kjell Aleklett. He is from the Uppsala [&hellip;]
- [Glossary For Peak Oil and Gas, Energy Terminology](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/glossary/): A,B,C,D ASPO The Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas Cumulative production The cumulative production is the sum of all oil that has ever been produced until a specific date. Cumulative production can be given for a field, oil basin, country or the world. Decline rate The decline rate refers to production only. It is defined as the negative relative change of production over a time period. Often a period of a year is used. The decline rate can be expressed as a fraction or as percent. ( Last year&#8217;s production – This year&#8217;s production ) / Last [&hellip;]
- [What is Peak Oil?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/about-peak-oil/): Understanding Peak Oil Oil was formed in the geological past under well-understood processes. In fact, the bulk of current production comes from just two epochs of extreme global warming, 90 and 150 million years ago, when algae proliferated in the warm sunlit waters, and the organic remains were preserved in the stagnant depths to be converted to oil by chemical reactions. Natural gas was formed in a similar way save that it was derived from the vegetal material. It follows that these are finite natural resources subject to depletion, which in turn means that production in any country or region [&hellip;]
- [ASPO President](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-president/): Kjell Aleklett, ASPO President About Professor in Physics at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Global Energy Systems Group (former Uppsala Hydrocarbon Depletion Study Group) at Uppsala University. Contact E-mail: Kjell.Aleklett@fysast.uu.se Blog in English: Aleklett&#8217;s Energimix Phone: +46-(0)18-471 58 25 Cellular: +46-(0)704-25 06 04 vCard: Get vCard Fax: +46-(0)18-471 35 13 Related links Uppsala University Curriculum Vitae Kjell Aleklett is Professor of Physics at Uppsala University, Sweden, and leader of Global Energy Systems research and the Uppsala Hydrocarbon Depletion Study Group. He holds a doctorate from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and worked as a post-doctoral staff scientist, 1977-85, at [&hellip;]
- [The first ever oil database, the history of Petroconsultants](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-first-ever-oil-database-the-history-of-petroconsultants/): We who work with the modeling of future production of oil know the importance of reserves. Colin Campbell, the founder of ASPO, has an interesting story to tell about the origin of the database that CERA uses and claims to be the best. The story indicates that IHS and CERA are managing data that might have been collected in dark allies and smoke-filled rooms. This is the story of Petroconsultants. Kjell Aleklett, President of ASPO PETROCONSULTANTS By Colin Campbell, founder of ASPO. Naturally, an oil company has every reason to track the activities of its competitors which can have much [&hellip;]
- [Oil’s End](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/oil-s-end/): 2008 March 6: “From the steps of the Supreme Court to the White House press room, from global trading exchanges to the snowy reaches of Alaska — over the last week, you could hear the creak of history as it began to pivot in a half-dozen locales. The Age of Oil is at an end. Maybe not this year. Maybe not for five years. But signs of the coming collapse are evident.” It is the beginning of an article in New York Times by Timothy Egan, who worked for 18 years as a writer for The New York Times. In [&hellip;]
- [ASPO and Peak oil theorists challenge Saudi Arabia](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-and-peak-oil-theorists-challenge-saudi-arabia/): Press release from ASPO, The Association for the Study of Peak Oil&amp;Gas ASPO and Peak oil theorists challenge Saudi Arabia Kjell Aleklett, President of ASPO In Paris, March 2, 2008, Ali al-Naimi, oil minister for the world&#8217;s largest crude producer, Saudi Arabia, and one of the oil industry&#8217;s most influential figures, has been discussing Peak Oil. He has stated that Saudi Arabia, which already has the world&#8217;s biggest proven oil reserves, plans to add another 200 billion barrels of oil to its proven reserves. He said this was &#8220;to reassure the world that we are not going to run out [&hellip;]
- [Birol and IEA says Peak but not "Peak Oil"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/birol-and-iea-says-peak-but-not-peak-oil/): In The Indepent on Sunday, March 2, 2008, Dr. Fatih Birol, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, give his outside view about future oil: “We can&#8217;t cling to crude: we should leave oil before it leaves us.” Some statements from the article: “Oil production by public companies is reaching its peak. They will have to find new ways to conduct business.” “the Middle East, … it is not certain that they are ready to increase production to meet growing world demand.” “ ….. perhaps oil at $150 a barrel by 2030.” “ ……… we are running out of time.” [&hellip;]
- [New Peak Oil book in Arabic](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/new-peak-oil-book-in-arabic/): A new book on peak oil has been released in Arabic. The title is “Oil, peak production and the consequence of decline” and the author is Hatem Elsayed Hany Elrefaai from Egypt. The book offers an overview of the problems related to peak oil and fossil fuel depletion along with potential impacts on the society. It is good to see that the question of peak oil is being discussed in the Arabian countries, especially since they control the vast majority of the known remaining oil reserves. Given the significant dominance of oil in many Arabian economies, a more strategic thinking [&hellip;]
- [About ASPO](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/about-aspo/): A brief background Colin J. Campbell: &#8220;It was in Germany that ASPO had its origin. On December 7th in the year 2000, I was privileged to give a talk on oil depletion at the ancient University of Clausthal in the Harz Mountains. The idea of forming an institution, or network of scientists concerned about the subject, developed. Next day, I took the idea to Professor Wellmer, the head of the BGR in Hannover, who gave it his support. The Norwegians were the next to join, followed by the Swedes. Today, ASPO is represented in almost all European countries.&#8221; Colin Campbell [&hellip;]
- [ASPO Italy Announces Second National Conference](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-italy-announces-second-national-conference/): The second national conference of ASPO Italy will be held in Torino, Italy, on May 3rd of this year. The conference will be mainly in Italian, and, unfortunately, the budget doesn&#8217;t allow us to provide simultaneous translation. Nevertheless, our guest of honor this year will be Euan Mearns of The Oil Drum, who will speak in English about Europe&#8217;s gas security. The other speakers will examine subjects such as &#8220;Peak Minerals,&#8221; the financial petroleum market, electric vehicles, and the social and political consequences of peak oil. Attendance is free.
- [The Rimini Protocol: an oil depletion protocol](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-rimini-protocol-an-oil-depletion-protocol/): Publication date: 2006-08-01 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: Colin J. Campbell Abstract: The Rimini Protocol an oil depletion protocol: Heading off economic chaos and political conflict during the second half of the age of oil. Knowledge of petroleum geology defines the size of the World&#8217;s oil and gas resources, but the reporting of reserves is grossly unreliable. Discovery has been in decline for many years, meaning that production must soon also fall. The decline of oil will have a severe impact on the modern economy which has become dependent on it. Accordingly, a Protocol to match demand against the [&hellip;]
- [Publications](https://peakoil.net/publications/publications/): Below you will find a vast and comprehensive listing of various peak oil-related publications, reports, books and similar. If you know of any publication that should be included in these lists, just let us know. Select category below: Peer-reviewed articles Academic theses Articles published in magazines Articles published in newspapers Other reports and articles Books Statistics ASPO Conferences
- [Coal and Oil: The Dark Monarchs of Global Energy](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/coal-and-oil-the-dark-monarchs-of-global-energy/): The secretary of ASPO International Mikael Höök has now made his thesis public by using a nail and hammer, and this ”nailing” is an old tradition at Uppsala University, Sweden. The thesis &#8220;Coal and Oil: The Dark Monarchs of Global Energy: Understanding Supply and Extraction Patterns and their Importance for Future Production” can be downloaded from Uppsala University (go to download). You can read the articles in the thesis by downloading the “Athors version“ of the listed publications. The public defense of the thesis will be on September 24th at 9 AM at Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala. It is the third [&hellip;]
- [Australia: Running on empty?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/australia-running-on-empty/): The most influential progressive think tank in Australia, The Australia Institute based in Canberra, recently published a paper on peak oil and its importance for the government. Summary of the content and conclusions: Like climate change, the possibility of peak oil poses a stiff challenge to citizens and governments alike in the 21st century. &#8216;Peak oil&#8217; is the term first used by M K Hubbert in the 1950s to describe the point in time at which the worldwide production of crude oil extraction will be maximized. But while it is inevitable that production will peak at some point, it is [&hellip;]
- [An analysis by German Military](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-an-analysis-by-german-military/): A study by a German military think tank has analyzed how &#8220;peak oil&#8221; might change the global economy. The internal draft document &#8212; leaked on the Internet &#8212; shows for the first time how carefully the German government has considered a potential energy crisis. The Peak Oil issue is so politically explosive that it&#8217;s remarkable when an institution like the Bundeswehr, the German military, uses the term &#8220;peak oil&#8221; at all. But a military study currently circulating on the German blogosphere goes further. The study is a product of the Future Analysis department of the Bundeswehr Transformation Center, a think [&hellip;]
- [UK peak oil alarm revealed by secret official talks](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/uk-peak-oil-alarm-revealed-by-secret-official-talks/): Behind government dismissals of &#8216;alarmist&#8217; fears, there is growing concern over critical future energy supplies. Speculation that government ministers are far more concerned about a future supply crunch than they have admitted has been fuelled by the revelation that they are canvassing views from industry and the scientific community about &#8220;peak oil.&#8221; The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) is also refusing to hand over policy documents about &#8220;peak oil&#8221; – the point at which oil production reaches its maximum and then declines – under the Freedom of Information (FoI) Act, despite releasing others in which it admits &#8220;secrecy [&hellip;]
- [Obituary To Matthew R. Simmons](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/obituary-to-matthew-r-simmons/): By Colin J. Campbell, founder of ASPO, the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas Matt Simmons in Denver at ASPO 8 The unexpected and tragic news of the death of Matt Simmons at the age of 67 has come as a great shock to his many friends and colleagues. But above all, our thoughts are with his wife, Ellen, and their five daughters, to whom we offer our condolences. Matt had a successful life having co-founded Simmons &amp; Co. International in 1974, an important bank, based in Texas, which specialized in funding oil contractors. He was the [&hellip;]
- [The death of Matt Simmons is a great loss](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-death-of-matt-simmons-is-a-great-loss/): Personal reflektions by Kjell Aleklett, President of ASPO International (From the blog Aleklett&#8217;s Energy Mix) Yesterday afternoon I received a message from Matt Simmons’ assistant Laura Russell that I found difficult to believe – it read that Matt had died suddenly. A few hours later the news had spread over the entire world. It is with great sorrow that I now write these words. In the autumn of 2001, I visited Colin Campbell in Ballydehob in Ireland. During the visit, we discussed the possibility of organizing an international workshop on Peak Oil in Uppsala during the spring of 2002. I [&hellip;]
- [Matt Simmons Has Died](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/matt-simmons-has-died/): ASPO International has received the following press release from Laura Russell, Executive Assistant to Matthew R. Simmons, Rockland, Maine: &#8220;Matthew R. Simmons, the founder of the Ocean Energy Research Institute in Rockland, Maine, passed away suddenly on Sunday. He is survived by his wife, Ellen, and their five daughters. Mr. Simmons was also the former chairman of Simmons &amp; Company International. Details of services are pending. Instead of flowers, the family asks that donations be made to the Ocean Energy Research Institute.&#8221; Matt Simmons support of ASPO has been critical, and we will come back with more information. Kjell Aleklett [&hellip;]
- [Lloyds adds its voice to dire peak oil warnings](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/lloyds-adds-its-voice-to-dire-peak-oil-warnings/): The Lloyd&#8217;s insurance market and the highly regarded Institute of Strategic Studies (ISS, known as Chatham House) says Britain needs to be ready for &#8220;peak oil&#8221; and disrupted energy supplies at a time of soaring fuel demand in China and India, constraints on production caused by the BP oil spill and political moves to cut CO2 to halt global warming. The insurance market has a major interest in preparedness to counter climate change because of the fear of rising insurance claims related to property damage and business disruption. The review is groundbreaking because it comes from the heart of the [&hellip;]
- [Feng Lianyong](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/feng-lianyong/): Dr. Feng Lianyong, a professor of the School of Business Administration at the University of Petroleum, Beijing, was born in 1966. In 1988, he graduated and obtained his Bachelor&#8217;s degree from University of Petroleum (East China) with Management Engineering as his major. He continued his study there and got his Master&#8217;s degree three years later. Then he has been teaching in this university for six years since April 1991. In March 1996, Dr. Feng furthered his study in the Moscow Petroleum University, Russia and obtained his Doctor&#8217;s degree on 10, October 1997. From August 1997 to July 1999, Dr. Feng [&hellip;]
- [Forecasting world crude oil production using multicyclic Hubbert model](https://peakoil.net/publications/forecasting-world-crude-oil-production-using-multicyclic-hubbert-model/): Publication date: 2010-02-01 First published in: Energy &amp; Fuels Authors: I.S. Nashawi et al Abstract: The year 2008 has witnessed unprecedented fluctuations in the oil prices. During the first three-quarters, the oil price abruptly increased to $140/bbl, a level that has never been reached before; then because of the global economic crisis, the price dramatically plunged to less than $50/bbl by the end of the year losing more than 64% of the maximum price in less than three months period. The supply of crude oil to the international market oscillated to follow suite according to the law of supply and [&hellip;]
- [Ugo Bardi](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/ugo-bardi/): At present Ugo Bardi is a professor of Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Firenze, Italy. He started with this position in 1992, before that he was staff researcher at the Department of Applied Chemistry in the same university. Earlier on, he has been a postdoc in various places: Berkeley, Aix-Marseille, and New York at Stony Brook. His academic degree is a &#8220;Laurea&#8221; in Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Firenze (that goes back to 1976). He also has a more general interest in energy question and is the founder and president [&hellip;]
- [Aviation after Peak Oil: is there a future?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aviation-after-peak-oil-is-there-a-future/): The aviation industry now uses a staggering 5 million barrels of jet fuel every day. Many of the world&#8217;s largest oil fields are nearing depletion. With peak oil production finally upon us, or very nearly so, the inevitable downward spiral of fuel supplies is no longer a doomsday theory. Without a viable solution, aviation after peak oil will eventually be grounded. Growth estimates for global passenger traffic range between 3% and 5% per year. Airbus is betting the company on the new A380. Massive airport expansions are underway, worldwide, to cope with the projected increases. Considering how many airports are [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil and the Catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-and-the-catastrophe-in-the-gulf-of-mexico/): Deepwater Horizon burns When the oil platform Deepwater Horizon exploded and sank to the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico, oil once again wound up at the top of the media’s news agenda. Of course, it also became a blog on Alekletts Energy Mix. One can also see comments that couple together the catastrophe with our definition of Peak Oil, i.e. “The term Peak Oil refers to the maximum rate of the production of oil in any area under consideration, recognizing that it is a finite natural resource, subject to depletion.” Aftonbadet [literally “Evening page”] is Scandinavia’s largest newspaper, and [&hellip;]
- [Volvo: "We all know that oil is running out"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/volvo-we-all-know-that-oil-is-running-out/): Rising oil prices pose a grave threat to the global economic recovery, according to experts. The fear has been expressed by the automobile industry. This week in Perth, Volvo&#8217;s head of product planning, Lex Kerssemakers, said: &#8220;we all know that oil is running out.&#8221; &#8220;We need to find alternative solutions and though we are aware of the alternatives &#8211; LPG, CNG, ethanol, electric and so on &#8211; we have to introduce these to the market, he said. &#8220;If we don&#8217;t do it now, we won&#8217;t be ready in five years when oil may be prohibitively expensive.&#8221; Mr. Kerssemakers said Volvo [&hellip;]
- [Multicyclic Hubbert model shows global conventional gas output peaking in 2019](https://peakoil.net/publications/multicyclic-hubbert-model-shows-global-conventional-gas-output-peaking-in-2019/): Publication date: 2004-08-16 First published in: Oil and Gas Journal Authors: A. Imam et al. Abstract: A new, multicyclic approach to modeling future global production of natural gas reaffirms an outlook for growing dependence of Western nations on the Middle East and Russia for their supply as global conventional gas output peaks in the next decade. This multicyclic Hubbert model avoids some of the pitfalls seen with earlier Hubbert-style models of future production peak and decline for oil and gas. However, a lack of country data and questions over the future contribution of unconventional gas resources mean that an entirely [&hellip;]
- [US military warns oil output may dip causing massive shortages by 2015](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/us-military-warns-oil-output-may-dip-causing-massive-shortages-by-2015/): The US military has warned that surplus oil production capacity could disappear within two years and there could be serious shortages by 2015 with a significant economic and political impact. The energy crisis outlined in a Joint Operating Environment report from the US Joint Forces Command, comes as the price of petrol in Britain reaches record levels and the cost of crude is predicted to soon top $100 a barrel. &#8220;By 2012, surplus oil production capacity could entirely disappear, and as early as 2015, the shortfall in output could reach nearly 10 million barrels per day,&#8221; says the report, which [&hellip;]
- [Olympic gold medalist Björn Ferry our new Peak Oil ambassador](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/olympic-gold-medalist-bj-rn-ferry-our-new-peak-oil-ambassador/): One of the articles on the morning news on TV4 on Holy Saturday was a visit to the home of Sweden’s Winter Olympics gold medalist in biathlon Björn Ferry [website in Swedish] and his wife Heidi Andersson who is world champion in arm wrestling. During the discussion with Lasse Bengtsson, Heidi described how Björn, despite having a great sense of humor, also often discussed more serious matters. When asked what Björn liked to discuss the answer was, to my amazement, “what will happen when the oil declines.” Then Björn said that he is thinking ahead and planning for a future [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil: The eventual end of the oil age](https://peakoil.net/publications/peak-oil-the-eventual-end-of-the-oil-age/): Publication date: 2008-07-31 First published in: Washington University in St. Louis Authors: Jonah J. Ralston Abstract: Humanity&#8217;s dependence upon a reliable and easily obtainable supply of oil places the modern lifestyle in a precarious position. Will this source of energy always be readily available? At what point will global production of this resource peak and then thereafter begin an irreversible decline? What would be the consequences of a peak in global oil production? With the demand for oil continuing to rise over time, how will modern societies adapt if supply is unable to meet increasing demand? What policies will governments [&hellip;]
- [Analyzing the world oil production Reference Scenario in World Energy Outlook 2008](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-peak-of-the-oil-age-analyzing-the-world-oil-production-reference-scenario-in-world/): Publication date: 2010-03-01 First Published in: Energy Policy Authors: K. Aleklett et al Abstract: The assessment of future global oil production presented in the IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2008 (WEO 2008) is divided into six fractions; four relate to crude oil, one to non-conventional oil, and the final fraction is natural-gas-liquids (NGL). Using the production parameter, depletion-rate-of-recoverable-resources, we have analyzed the four crude oil fractions and found that the 75 Mb/d of crude oil production forecast for the year 2030 appears significantly overstated, and is more likely to be in the region of 55 Mb/d. Moreover, analysis of the other [&hellip;]
- [Validity of the Fossil Fuel Production Outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios](https://peakoil.net/publications/validity-of-the-fossil-fuel-production-outlooks-in-the-ipcc-emission-scenarios/): Publication date: 2010-03-19 First Published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: M. Höök et al Abstract: Anthropogenic global warming caused by CO2 emissions is strongly and fundamentally linked to future energy production. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) from 2000 contains 40 scenarios for future fossil fuel production and is used by the IPCC to assess future climate change. Previous scenarios were withdrawn after exaggerating one or several trends. This study investigates underlying assumptions on resource availability and future production expectations to determine whether exaggerations can be found in the present set of emission scenarios as well. It is found [&hellip;]
- [Petrobras envisions peak in 2010](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/petrobras-envisions-peak-in-2010/): Mr. Gabrielli, the CEO of Petrobras, gave a presentation in December 2009 in which he shows world oil capacity, including biofuels, peaking in 2010 due to oil capacity additions from new projects being unable to offset world oil decline rates. Gabrielli states in his presentation that the world needs oil volumes the equivalent of one Saudi Arabia every two years to offset future world oil decline rates. This is a stronger statement than the one he gave in January 2009 in an interview with Business Week when he said the following: &#8220;According to the company&#8217;s projections, production from existing fields [&hellip;]
- [Peak oil in Davos: Oh yes it is, oh no it isn’t](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-in-davos/): The title above was borrowed from the Financial Times. Last week the World Economic Forum in Davos celebrated its 40th anniversary, and one of the sessions addressed the world’s energy security. The chairperson for the session was Daniel Yergin, the founder of CERA (Cambridge Energy Research Associates). Before his departure to Davos, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) wrote: “All the world loves a bringer of good news, so energy guru Daniel Yergin should by all rights be guaranteed a warm welcome at Davos this week.” The news that he bore with him was that “the awful day of ‘peak oil,&#8217; [&hellip;]
- [A simple interpretation of Hubberts model of resource exploitation](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-simple-interpretation-of-hubberts-model-of-resource-exploitation/): Publication date: 2009-09-01 First published in: Energies Authors: U. Bardi &amp; A. Lavacchi Abstract: The well known &#8220;Hubbert curve&#8221; assumes that the production curve of crude oil in a free market economy is &#8220;bell shaped&#8221; and symmetric. The model was first applied in the 1950s as a way of forecasting the production of crude oil in the US lower 48 states. Today, variants of the model are often used for describing the worldwide production of crude oil, which is supposed to reach a global production peak (&#8220;peak oil&#8221;) and to decline afterward. The model has also been shown to be [&hellip;]
- [Bloomington redefines prosperity and prepares for peak oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/bloomington-redefines-prosperity-and-prepares-for-peak-oil/): The City of Bloomington in Indiana, USA, first formally recognized that the City must begin preparing for peak oil in July 2006. A Peak Oil Task Force was created. The specific charge of the Task Force is to acquire and study current and credible data; seek community feedback; coordinate efforts with other governmental agencies; work to educate the community; and, to develop a Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force Report for approval by the Mayor and Common Council outlining strategies the City and community might pursue to mitigate the effect of declining fuel supplies in areas including, but not limited to: [&hellip;]
- [The Peak Oil Year 2009](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-peak-oil-year-2009/): We stand at the doorway to a new year but also to a new decade, and it is time to make a summary. At the start of the 21st century, Peak Oil was not an issue. During the 1990s the oil price fluctuated around $20 per barrel and that the price would increase was unthinkable. The International Energy Agency (IEA), the US Energy Information Agency (EIA), the World Bank and others all had prognoses showing that the price would be around $20 per barrel in 2020. When in 1998 Colin Campbell and Jean Laherrère wrote their now famous article “The [&hellip;]
- [Tough Times Force OPEC Members to Close Ranks](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/tough-times-force-opec-members-to-close-ranks/): Divisions within OPEC have eased as the dual threat of the global economic crisis, and climate change talks force oil producers to be pragmatic and unified, analysts said on Sunday. But the stance of the price hawks has since lost support, leading to a convergence of positions within the bloc. &#8220;What happened makes you think. An oil price of 75 dollars is higher than they could have hoped for. Even the most hawkish nations are finding it hard to ask for more,&#8221; said Francis Perrin of the Oil and Gas Journal. This turnaround came about because producers were afraid of [&hellip;]
- [A variant of the Hubbert curve for world oil production forecasts](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-variant-of-the-hubbert-curve-for-world-oil-production-forecasts/): Publication date: 2009-07-23 First Published in: Energy Policy Authors: G. Maggio, G. Cacciola Abstract: In recent years, the economic and political aspects of energy problems have prompted many researchers and analysts to focus their attention on the Hubbert Peak Theory with the aim of forecasting future trends in world oil production. In this paper, a model that attempts to contribute in this regard is presented; it is based on a variant of the well-known Hubbert curve. Also, the sum of multiple-Hubbert curves (two cycles) is used to provide a better fit for the historical data on oil production (crude and [&hellip;]
- [Colin Campbell comments recent article in the Guardian](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/colin-campbell-comments-recent-article-in-the-guardian/): Colin Campbell, the founder of ASPO, has written a comment to the recent article about the IEA whistleblower from the newspaper the Guardian. Dr Campbells comments are available from below: Download here: Campbell&#8217;s Comments
- [IEA whistleblower says peak oil approaching](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-whistleblower-says-peak-oil-nearing/): The world is closer to a peak in oil supply than International Energy Agency estimates admit, UK newspaper The Guardian reported in today’s edition, citing an unidentified &#8220;whistleblower&#8221; at the IEA. The senior official claims the US has played an influential role in encouraging the watchdog to underplay the rate of decline from existing oil fields while overplaying the chances of finding new reserves. &#8220;Many inside the organization believe that maintaining oil supplies at even 90 million to 95 million barrels a day would be impossible, but there are fears that panic could spread on the financial markets if the [&hellip;]
- [OPEC talks about production increases](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/opec-talks-about-production-increases/): The group president of OPEC has said those organization ministers will raise output to protect the global economic recovery at a meeting in December if oil prices rise to US$100 per barrel. Jose Botelho de Vasconcelos, who is also Angola&#8217;s oil minister, said that both producers and consumers were comfortable with oil prices at between US$75 and US$80 per barrel and that higher prices could put a brake on the global economy, Reuters reported. &#8220;I think that a balanced price is always better,&#8221; said Botelho de Vasconcelos before he boarded a flight to Brazil late on Sunday. &#8220;You know that, [&hellip;]
- [Hess warns of devastating crisis](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/hess-warns-of-devastating-crisis/): John Hess, the chairman of the US independent producer of the same name, has fired a warning shot to the world, claiming a “devastating oil crisis” looms large on the horizon if global action is not taken about developing alternative sources. In a speech delivered at the Money &amp; Oil conference yesterday, Hess said that once economic growth recovers, it is likely the world will return to the market conditions of one year ago. &#8220;The reality is that an oil crisis is coming that could prove devastating to future economic growth. Given the long lead times of five to 10 [&hellip;]
- [ASPO-8: The 2009 International Peak Oil Conference in Denver](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-8-the-2009-international-peak-oil-conference-in-denver/): This year’s international ASPO conference in Denver was organized in collaboration with ASPO-USA and coincided with their national annual conference. Sunday’s parallel sessions held before the formal start of the conference offered interested Denver residents the opportunity to inform themselves about Peak Oil. Meanwhile, Peak Oil identities from around the world were given the opportunity to give presentations on their various activities and research results. I was very happy to open the international proceedings on Sunday with a presentation on &#8220;The Peak of the Oil Age.&#8221; Then we discussed renewable energy in Spain, methods to reduce Canada&#8217;s CO2 footprint and [&hellip;]
- [Warning over global oil decline](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/warning-over-global-oil-decline/): There is a &#8220;significant risk&#8221; that global production of conventional oil could &#8220;peak&#8221; and decline by 2020, a report has warned. The UK Energy Research Council study says there is a consensus that the era of cheap oil is at an end, but it warns that most governments, including the UK&#8217;s, exhibit little concern about oil depletion. But the authors say the risk presented by global oil depletion deserves much more serious attention by the research and policy communities. &#8220;Much existing research focuses on the economic and political threats to oil supply security and fails to either assess or to [&hellip;]
- [Comments on "Squeezing more oil from the ground"](https://peakoil.net/publications/comments-on-squeezing-more-oil-from-the-ground/): Publication date: 2009-10-05 First published in: www.peakoil.net Authors: Jean Laherrere Abstract: Comments on &#8220;Squeezing more oil from the ground&#8221; by L. Maugeri in Scientific American October 2009. Maugerifinalversion.pdf 1.72 MB
- [Comments by Jean Laherrère on “Squeezing More Oil From The Ground”, Scientific American](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/comments-by-jean-laherr-re-on-squeezing-more-oil-from-the-ground-scientific-american/): In the March 1998 issue of Scientific American Colin Campbell and Jean Laherrère published the classic article &#8220;The End of Cheap Oil&#8221;. That article became the starting point for the debate that has subsequently developed around a future peak of oil production. During the autumn of 2000, there were several people who inspired Colin Campbell to take the lead in the debate and who assisted in the production of the first issue of his famous newsletter that began in January 2001. We initial few were also privileged to participate in Colin Campbell’s network that he named ASPO, The Association for [&hellip;]
- [Credit Suisse: Big players face output struggle](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/credit-suisse-big-players-face-output-struggle/): Credit Suisse expects the major US and European integrated oil companies to struggle to boost output to 2020, saying the sector is unlikely to see any volume growth over the coming cycle. However, the brokerage said Chevron is the only one of the major players where it sees the potential for volume to stay flat or even increase slightly over the coming cycle to 2020. Credit Suisse said net production growth would be very tough for this group of companies to deliver, given the ongoing problem of decline, and the pressures to sanction new growth projects before these declines set [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil is not a theory, it's the reality of past and future oil production](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/reply-to-nyt-peak-oil-is-not-a-theory-peak-oil-is-the-reality-of-past-and-future-oil-p/): (On August 24, 2009, New York Times published an Op-Ed contribution by Michael Lynch with the title: ‘Peak Oil’ Is a Waste of Energy. Kjell Aleklett, president of ASPO International, has written an answer that NYT decided not to accept. ASPO International is now publishing this contribution.) Kjell Aleklett, Professor in global energy systems at Uppsala University, Sweden, and president of ASPO International. Over the past five years, Mr. Michael Lynch and I have debated future global oil production at meetings in Gothenburg (Sweden), Paris and Shanghai. We have also conducted the debate through an exchange of emails published in [&hellip;]
- [Norway reduced the Barent Sea resource estimate](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/norway-reduced-the-barent-sea-resource-estimate/): The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) has cut its resource estimate for the Barents Sea by about 11%, it said today. The NPD said it had cut the Barents Sea play&#8217;s estimated recoverable resources from 1.03 billion cubic meters of oil equivalent to 910 million cubic meters of oil equivalent. The NPD said that while estimated volumes in the ground have increased somewhat, the cut was made after taking into account poorer reservoir properties than expected in the Barents, distance to market and costs associated with development, all of which have reduced expectations for the play. The agency also said it [&hellip;]
- [IEA warns: oil supplies are running out fast](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-warns-oil-supplies-are-running-out-fast/): The world is heading for a catastrophic energy crunch that could cripple a global economic recovery because most of the major oil fields in the world have passed their peak production, a leading energy economist has warned. Higher oil prices brought on by a rapid increase in demand and a stagnation, or even decline, in supply could blow any recovery off course, said Dr Fatih Birol, the chief economist at the respected International Energy Agency (IEA) in Paris, which is charged with the task of assessing future energy supplies by OECD countries. The International Energy Agency believes peak oil will [&hellip;]
- [An analysis of the US and world oil production patterns using Hubbert-style curves](https://peakoil.net/publications/an-analysis-of-the-us-and-world-oil-production-patterns-using-hubbert-style-curves/): Publication date: 2000-12-16 First published in: Mathematical Geology Authors: A.A. Bartlett Abstract: A quantitative analytical method, using a spreadsheet, has been developed which allows the determination of values of the three parameters that characterize the Hubbert-style Gaussian error curve that best fits the conventional oil production data both for the U.S. and the world. The three parameters are the total area under the Gaussian which represents the estimated ultimate (oil) recovery ( EUR), the date of the maximum of the curve, and the half-width of the curve. The &#8220;best fit&#8221; is determined by adjusting the values of the three parameters [&hellip;]
- [Children and Peak Oil: An Opportunity in Crisis](https://peakoil.net/publications/children-and-peak-oil-an-opportunity-in-crisis/): Publication date: 2007-06-01 First Published In: The International Journal of Children&#8217;s Rights Authors: P. Tranter, S. Sharpe Abstract: Major social upheavals and crises are notorious as catalysts for the re-evaluation of values and the erosion or augmentation of human rights. In the contemporary global setting, scarcely any issue causes more anxiety, either directly or indirectly, than the production and consumption of the world’s energy resources. From the war in Iraq to rising fuel prices, to global warming attributed to the burning of fossil fuels, energy consumption has been a central theme. This paper argues that the current concern about energy [&hellip;]
- [The Development of an Ecological Economics](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-development-of-an-ecological-economics/): Publication date: 1999-01-01 First published in: Journal of Business Administration and Policy Analysis Authors: R. Costanza et al Abstract: Ecology and economics developed as separate disciplines throughout their recent histories in the 20th century. While each has addressed the way in which living systems self-organize to enable individuals and communities to meet their goals, and while each has borrowed theoretical concepts from the other and shared patterns of thinking with other sciences, they began with different first principles, addressed separate issues, utilized different assumptions to reach answers, and supported different interests in the policy process. Published in: Journal of Business [&hellip;]
- [The Need for a New, Biophysical-Based Paradigm in Economics for the Second Half of the Oil Age](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-need-for-a-new-biophysical-based-paradigm-in-economics-for-the-second-half-of-the-o/): Publication date: 2006-11-24 First published in: International Journal of Transdisciplinary Research Authors: C.A.S. Hall &amp; K. Klitgaard Abstract: The realization that the conceptual base for much of conventional economics is quite flimsy is no longer news to either those who follow events within the field or too many interested outsiders in the natural sciences. For an easy example, since 1998 a surprisingly large number of Nobel Laureates in economics (Joseph Stiglitz, George Akerlof, Daniel Kahneman, Robert Aumann, Thomas Schelling, and Amartya Sen) were people whose work challenged, in various very fundamental ways, the existing basic paradigm of conventional neoclassical economics. [&hellip;]
- [Better understanding urged for rapidly depleting reserves](https://peakoil.net/publications/better-understanding-urged-for-rapidly-depleting-reserves/): Publication date: 1997-04-07 First published in: Oil &amp; Gas Journal Authors: Colin J. Campbell Abstract: In the worst days of the Battle of Britain, military commanders had to balance the need to commit fighter planes to defend the capital against having enough in reserve for later attacks. They had to have accurate information on the resources available, but it was easily obtained by a count that could be checked and double checked. It is equally important that the world should know what its reserves of oil are because its economy depends heavily on oil-based energy, especially for transport and agriculture, [&hellip;]
- [An Empirical Method to Make Oil Production Models Tolerant to Anomalies](https://peakoil.net/publications/an-empirical-method-to-make-oil-production-models-tolerant-to-anomalies/): Publication date: 2009-01-01 First Published in Natural Resources Research Authors: S.H. Mohr, G.M. Evans Abstract: Modeling oil production is of interest to society and hotly debated. Often anomalies have occurred which makes modeling oil production via a particular theory (e.g., Hubbert’s bell curve) difficult. The empirical method described here allows for such historical anomalies to be incorporated while still using the underly theory. This method is explained using Hubbert’s bell curve and Former Soviet Union oil production as an example. Published in: Natural Resources Research Volume 18, Number 1 / March 2009, Pages 1-5 Available from: Springer
- [Estimate of global oil resource and the forecast for global oil production in the 21st century](https://peakoil.net/publications/estimate-of-global-oil-resource-and-the-forecast-for-global-oil-production-in-the-21st-century/): Publication date: 2009-04-01 First published in: Russian Geology and Geophysics Authors: A.E. Kontorovich Abstract: A probabilistic estimate of the global conventional recoverable oil resource was performed based on the concept of the Earth&#8217;s sedimentary cover as a holistic system. A forecast for global oil production was made for the period till the end of the 21st century. It has been shown that the global oil production will most likely peak at 4.2–4.7 billion tons a year in 2020–2030. For that period, the top oil-producing regions in the world will be the Persian Gulf, West and East Siberia. The upstream sector [&hellip;]
- [The Continuing Importance of Maximum Power](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-continuing-importance-of-maximum-power/): Publication date: 2004-11-24 First published in: Ecological Modelling Authors: Charles A.S. Hall Abstract: Of the many extremely ingenious, powerful and, yes, frustrating concepts and approaches that Howard Odum left us, the one with the most power to change how we understand the Earth, was that of maximum power. This theoretical framework, has subverted how most of his students and colleagues think about systems in general, transformed the way we think about ecosystems, natural selection, and even our environmental and general politics. The concept has not always been a comfortable one, but it is an exceedingly exciting and commanding one … [&hellip;]
- [Beyond Peak Oil: Will Our Cities Collapse?](https://peakoil.net/publications/beyond-peak-oil-will-our-cities-collapse/): Publication date: 2009-06-18 First published in: Journal of Urban Technology Authors: P. Newman Abstract: Abstract unavailable Published in: Journal of Urban Technology, Volume 14, Number 2, August 2007, Pages 15-30 Available from: Taylor &amp; Francis
- [Aviation fuel and future oil production scenarios](https://peakoil.net/publications/aviation-fuel-and-future-oil-production-scenarios/): Publication date: 2009-06-12 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: E. Nygren et al Abstract: Most aviation fuels are jet fuels originating from crude oil. Crude oil must be refined to be useful, and jet fuel is only one of many products that can be derived from crude oil. Jet fuel is extracted from the middle distillates fraction and competes, for example, with the production of diesel. Crude oil is a limited natural resource subject to depletion, and several reports indicate that the world&#8217;s crude oil production is close to the maximum level and that it will start to decrease after [&hellip;]
- [Oil from algae; salvation from peak oil?](https://peakoil.net/publications/oil-from-algae-salvation-from-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2009-05-01 First published in: Science Progress Authors: C.J. Rhodes Abstract: A review is presented of the use of algae principally to produce biodiesel fuel, as a replacement for conventional fuel derived from petroleum. The imperative for such a strategy is that cheap supplies of crude oil will begin to wane within a decade and land-based crops cannot provide more than a small amount of the fuel the world currently uses, even if food production were allowed to be severely compromised. For comparison, if one ton of biodiesel might be produced say, from rapeseed per hectare, that same area [&hellip;]
- [Biophysical constraints to economic growth](https://peakoil.net/publications/biophysical-constraints-to-economic-growth/): Publication date: 2003-11-23 First published in: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Authors: Cutler J. Cleveland Abstract Stable consumer prices, full employment, and increasing per capita wealth are economic and political goals in nearly every nation. Aggregate economic growth has been the principal means for realizing these goals. Yet comprehensive and independent scientific investigations provide compelling evidence that the growth of the global economy is not sustainable because it consumes many of the environmental services that underpin the production of goods and services. biophysical constraints to economic growth by Cleveland.pdf 279.9 KB
- [A Thermodynamic Theory of Economics](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-thermodynamic-theory-of-economics/): Publication date: 2007-06-01 First published in: International Journal of Exergy Authors: J. Bryant Abstract: An analogy between thermodynamic and economic theories and processes is developed further, following a previous paper published by the author in 1982. Economic equivalents are set out concerning the ideal gas equation, the gas constant, pressure, temperature, entropy, work done, specific heat and the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics. The law of diminishing marginal utility was derived from thermodynamic first principles. Conditions are set out concerning the relationship of economic processes to entropic gain. A link between the Le Chatelier principle and economic processes is [&hellip;]
- [CERA: “Peak Oil is Here”](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/cera-peak-oil-is-here/): CERA Global Oil Group Managing Director Jim Burkhard spoke at a CSIS session on “Transforming the Transportation Sector: Energy Security, Climate Change, and Transportation.” During his presentation, Mr. Burkhard explained that in acknowledging that peak oil is here, CERA’s interpretation is that US gasoline demand peaked in 2008 and is expected to decline in future years. He also stated that CERA maintains its position that the reasons for US liquid fuel demand having peaked are economic and geopolitical in their nature, rather than in any way driven by geologic factors. He repeatedly came back to the notion that &#8220;peak oil [&hellip;]
- [SHELL: Huge sums needed to keep energy flowing](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/shell-huge-sums-needed-to-keep-energy-flowing/): The head of Shell, Jeroen Van De Veer, highlighted the mounting challenges facing the oil and gas industry with particular emphasis on the sheer sums of money needed to be invested in keeping the energy flowing. He said energy demand will double between now and 2030 and that the traditional oil and gas industry cannot meet this rising demand. De Veer believes that the industry needs renewables and unconventional fuels added to the energy mix to meet rising demand. “The energy mix in the world is not the role of companies, I think it is a role for governments as [&hellip;]
- [The evolution and present status of the study on peak oil in China](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-evolution-and-present-status-of-the-study-on-peak-oil-in-china/): Publication date: 2009-06-01 First published: Petroleum Science Authors: X. Pang et al Abstract: Peak oil theory is a theory concerning long-term oil reserves and the rate of oil production. Peak Oil refers to the maximum rate of the production of oil or gas in any area under consideration. Its inevitability is analyzed from three aspects. The factors that influence peak oil and their mechanisms are discussed. These include some resources, the discovery maturity of resources, the depletion rate of reserves and the demand for oil. The advance in the study of peak oil in China is divided into three stages. [&hellip;]
- [Piebalgs: Are we moving towards a new oil crisis?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/piebalgs-are-we-moving-towards-a-new-oil-crisis/): EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs posted an interesting viewpoint in his blog recently. The post is called &#8220;Are we moving towards a new oil crisis?&#8221; and points out that the world seems to be moving towards a new set of high oil prices. He concludes the following: The current relatively low oil prices give a respite to prepare for the coming new oil crisis. We have to reduce our dependency in all those areas in which black gold is not indispensable, such as heating, or electricity production. For those areas which will have to continue to depend on it, like [&hellip;]
- [Norways oil production now below 2 Mbpd](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/norways-oil-production-now-below-2-mbpd/): Norway&#8217;s oil production fell to a preliminary 1.99 million barrels per day on average in April from 2.15 million in March, the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate said on Thursday. Non-OPEC producer Norway is the world&#8217;s fourth biggest oil exporter and western Europe&#8217;s biggest gas exporter. Oil companies on the Norwegian continental shelf are struggling to maintain production against a long-term declining trend at maturing North Sea oilfields, but Norway&#8217;s gas production continues to grow. Norwegian oil production has been more closely analyzed in an earlier ASPO study. Read more: Reuters
- [When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished?](https://peakoil.net/publications/when-will-fossil-fuel-reserves-be-diminished/): Publication date: 2009-01-01 First Published in: Energy Policy Authors: S.Shafiee, E. Topal Abstract: Crude oil, coal, and gas are the main resources for world energy supply. The size of fossil fuel reserves and the dilemma that “when non-renewable energy will be diminished” is a fundamental and doubtful question that needs to be answered. This paper presents a new formula for calculating when fossil fuel reserves are likely to be depleted and develop an econometrics model to demonstrate the relationship between fossil fuel reserves and some main variables. The new formula is modified from the Klass model and thus assumes a [&hellip;]
- [Colin Campbell and 100 months of Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/colin-campbell-and-100-months-of-peak-oil/): Colin Cambell has now written newsletters for 100 months. 100 months is a long tenure. In his first letter, he introduced the world to a new term, &#8220;Peak Oil.&#8221; I first made contact with Colin by email in the autumn of 2000 when I needed a little information for a figure, and I believe that it was in December of the same year that I first spoke with him by telephone. He was then writing that which would become newsletter number 1. He spoke about the idea of an organization that would study the peak of oil production and the [&hellip;]
- [Aviation fuels and Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/aviation-fuels-and-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2008-12-19 First published in: Uppsala University Authors: E. Nygren Abstract: In this thesis, future aviation fuel supply is compared to future aviation fuel demand. Most aviation fuels are jet fuels originating from crude oil. The crude oil must be refined to be useful, and jet fuel is only one of many products that can be derived from crude oil. Jet fuel is extracted from the middle distillates fraction and competes, for example, with the production of diesel. Crude oil is a limited natural resource subject to depletion, and several reports indicate that the world&#8217;s crude oil production is [&hellip;]
- [Do we need to worry about Peak Oil?](https://peakoil.net/publications/do-we-need-to-worry-about-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2008-12-30 First published in: Science &amp; Public Affairs Authors: K. Aleklett, M. Lynch Abstract: Do we need to worry about Peak Oil? Are oil supplies in decline? Kjell Akelett and Mike Lynch beg to differ in this written debate. Published in: Science &amp; Public Affairs, December 2008 Available from: the British Association for the Advancement of Science
- [Newsweek and “Cheap Oil forever”](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/newsweek-and-cheap-oil-forever/): (This article is published by ASPO International, www.peakoil.net, and the article can be published as printed or on the web by making this reference. Translations to other languages are also accepted. An original Swedish version that is translated into English by Michael Lardelli can be found at Aleklett’s Energy Mix.) Kjell Aleklett The President of ASPO International, Association for the Study of Peak Oil&amp;Gas, Professor in Global Energy Systems, Uppsala University, Sweden Newsweek’s cover declares that we shall have &#8220;Cheap Oil Forever.&#8221; Furthermore, on their homepage, they promise that we shall be told &#8220;The truth about oil&#8221; and the person [&hellip;]
- [The evolution of giant oil field production behaviour](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-evolution-of-giant-oil-field-production-behaviour/): Publication date: 2009-03-01 First Published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: M. Höök et al Abstract: The giant oil fields of the world are only a small fraction of the total number of fields, but their importance is huge. Over 50% of the world oil production came from Giants by 2005, and more than haft of the world&#8217;s ultimate reserves are found in Giants. Based on this it is reasonable to assume that the future development of the giant oil fields will have a significant impact on the world oil supply. To better understand the giant fields and their future behavior [&hellip;]
- [Total General Manager: We Have to Save, Save, Save](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/total-general-manager-we-have-to-save-save-save/): The world could run out of oil in 20 years. This grim scenario is not the prediction of environmentalists, but of Michel Mallet, the general manager of French energy giant Total&#8217;s German operations. In an interview, Mallet calls for a radical reduction in gas consumption and a tax on aviation fuel. Some statements from Mr. Mallet in a recent interview in Der Spiegel: There are hardly any readily accessible oil fields anymore. The fields on the floor of the North Sea, for example, are practically empty. New reserves are only being found deep in the ocean, in remote regions of [&hellip;]
- [Crisis hits North Sea oil search](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/crisis-hits-north-sea-oil-search/): The number of exploration wells being drilled in the North Sea has collapsed by 78% in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the same period last year, according to the most recent industry data from Deloitte, the accounting and consulting firm. The worsening exploration climate could knock 10-15 years of the North Sea’s expected lifespan of 20-30 years, meaning almost half of all its infrastructure could be decommissioned within the next 11 years, UK Oil and Gas estimates. Instead of satisfying 45% of the UK’s oil and gas needs in 2020, at the current investment pace, the North Sea [&hellip;]
- [Gazprom gives bleak outlook](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/gazprom-gives-bleak-outlook/): Russian gas monopoly Gazprom believes global demand and its own gas production will be depressed by around 10% for the next 4-5 years, its deputy chief executive said today. &#8220;A reduction in demand of 10 percent will continue for the next 4-5 years,&#8221; Valery Golubev told a conference. Gazprom sees its position in Europe declining by 2020 as it focuses on liquefied natural gas exports and deliveries to Asia, he said in a Reuters report.
- [Is peakoilism coming?](https://peakoil.net/publications/is-peakoilism-coming/): Publication date: 2009-04-07 First Published: Energy Policy Authors: L. Zhao et al Abstract: Peak oil research and the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO) have contributed a great deal to improve people&#8217;s recognition of peak oil. Although peak oil is becoming a part of the public recognition, it is still hard to say whether peak oil discussion will develop into a theory such as “peakoilism.” On the one hand, there are still some difficult problems in peak oil research. On the other hand, the peakoilers have the potential for scientific research and have their allies: the [&hellip;]
- [The role of non-conventional oil in the attenuation of peak oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-role-of-non-conventional-oil-in-the-attenuation-of-peak-oil/): Publication date: 2009-03-03 First published in: Energy Policy Authors: C. de Castro et al Abstract: In this paper, the possible substitution of conventional with non-conventional oil is studied using system dynamics models. The model proposed in this paper is based on geological, economic and technological aspects, and it fits approximately the behavior observed by Hubbert. A first validation of the model has been made with the USA oil production data. These USA data show that there is a good coincidence between our model and the reality. This model has been expanded to include the substitution of the conventional oil with [&hellip;]
- [Oil producers on oil, renewables and sustainable development](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/oil-producers-on-oil-renewables-and-sustainable-development/): A crash in oil prices has confirmed the dominance of fossil fuels, Opec ministers, and other energy producers said today at a seminar, but they also stated their commitment to fighting the pollution they generate. &#8220;Fighting climate change cannot realistically mean fighting oil. It means fighting emissions,&#8221; Yvo de Boer, head of the United Nations climate change secretariat, told the conference. &#8220;Low oil prices are the enemies to research into alternative sources,&#8221; Reuters quoted Eni chief executive Paolo Scaroni telling the conference. &#8220;What affects oil prices affects other energy sources. Oil must be at the center of any concept of [&hellip;]
- [IEA says drill offshore and tax more](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-says-drill-offshore-and-tax-more/): The US should consider new gasoline and diesel taxes and expand domestic oil and natural gas production to recently opened offshore areas to increase the nation&#8217;s energy security, IEA chief economist Fatih Birol said today. The US government should consider taking advantage of falling oil prices by establishing taxes on fuel that would &#8220;lock in the efficiency gains that resulted from last year&#8217;s price surge.&#8221; Birol also warned that along with falling demand, the economic slump could reduce energy investment too much and lead to another global spike in fuel prices in several years as the economy recovers.
- [IEA says oil capacity crunch looms](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-says-oil-capacity-crunch-looms/): The International Energy Agency fears that an expected recovery in oil demand from 2010 and oil project cancellations due to low crude prices and the credit crisis will mean no spare oil capacity at the end of 2013. &#8220;That is our concern. Investment, investment, investment, that is what we are asking,&#8221; IEA Executive Director Nobuo Tanaka said at a conference in Lisbon on Friday. &#8220;We now see many cancellations or postponements of supply investment projects&#8230;and we learned the lesson last year when we didn&#8217;t invest, the market became volatile, and oil prices reached $147 per barrel,&#8221; he said. He added [&hellip;]
- [Total: The world will never be able to produce more than 89 Mbpd of oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/total-the-world-will-never-be-able-to-produce-more-than-89-mbpd-of-oil/): The world will never be able to produce more than 89m barrels a day of oil, the head of Europe&#8217;s third-largest energy group has warned, citing high costs in areas such as Canada and political restrictions in countries such as Iran and Iraq. Christophe de Margerie, chief executive of Total, the French oil and gas company, said he had revised his forecast for 2015 oil production downward by at least 4m barrels a day because of the current economic crisis and the collapse in oil prices. He noted that national oil companies, which control the vast majority of the world&#8217;s [&hellip;]
- [Oil price and economic crash](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/oil-price-and-economic-crash/): The German Financial Times features an article that links the record high oil prices of last July to the onset of the financial turmoil and economic crash. Thomas Fricke writes the following: No financial analyst managed to predict that 2008 would end in a recession. The financial crisis has been described as the cause. However, it turns out that the initial suspicion was wrong. The chronology speaks against the fact that the September bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers crash caused the real economy. Key economic indicators were on descent weeks before Lehman Brothers collapsed. In the United States, the number of [&hellip;]
- [Pemex Oil Output Declines at Fastest Rate Since World War II](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/pemex-oil-output-declines-at-fastest-rate-since-world-war-ii/): Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Mexico’s state oil company, will probably report its fastest drop in production since 1942, eroding revenue as plunging crude prices limit the amount of cash available to drill for new reserves. Pemex last year likely extracted 2.8 million barrels a day, down about 9 percent from the 3.08 million a day pumped in 2007, representing a total of $20 billion in lost sales, according to data compiled by the government and Bloomberg. Costs are rising at Cantarell, Pemex’s largest field after declining pressure reduced output in the past five years. Pemex’s “biggest problems have yet to come,” [&hellip;]
- [Global credit crunch hitting offshore rig operators](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/global-credit-crunch-hitting-offshore-rig-operators/): Offshore drilling companies are having a hard time expanding their fleets because the economic conditions have made new vessels harder to finance. Scorpion Offshore announced today that it was unable to secure financing for their Deepwater Rig semisubmersible. Keppel FELS in Singapore was to build the new rig. Scorpion blames the &#8220;continuing turmoil in the global credit market&#8221; for its inability to get financing. The company says it has reached amicable agreements with Keppel FELS and third party vendors to terminate the construction contract and equipment orders on &#8220;mutually acceptable terms.&#8221; Seadrill also announced today that it had amended its [&hellip;]
- [Toyota: We must address the inevitability of peak oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/toyota-we-must-address-the-inevitability-of-peak-oil/): Toyota Motor Corp. said Saturday it is confirming plans to have an all-electric vehicle on U.S. roads by 2012 by introducing an ultra-compact battery-powered concept car at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. &#8220;Last summer&#8217;s $4-a-gallon gasoline was no anomaly,&#8221; said Irv Miller, vice president of Toyota Motor Sales USA. &#8220;It was a brief glimpse of our future. We must address the inevitability of peak oil by developing vehicles powered by alternatives to liquid-oil fuel.&#8221; &#8220;Our business is no longer about simply building and selling cars and trucks. It is about finding solutions to mobility challenges today and [&hellip;]
- [The Permanent Oil Crisis](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-permanent-oil-crisis/): ASPO International is pleased to inform about the Permanent Oil Crisis conference in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 21-22 January 2009. Despite the present, temporarily low oil prices and financial turmoil now is the time to look beyond 2009. Low oil prices, Low investments, High future oil prices How can we best prepare ourselves for a new period of economic growth? How can we power this growth with a sustained and affordable energy and resources supply? How dependent are we on Russian natural gas supply? What are the consequences of today’s low oil prices on future investment levels? Learn and benefit from the [&hellip;]
- [Putin: Cheap gas era is over](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/putin-cheap-gas-era-is-over/): The era of cheap gas is coming to an end, Russia&#8217;s Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has told ministers from the world&#8217;s major gas-exporting countries. The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) meeting in Moscow has agreed a charter and plans for a permanent base. &#8220;A new organisation has been born today, said Russian Energy Minister Sergei Shmatko. Mr Putin said the cost of extracting gas was rising sharply, therefore &#8220;the era of cheap energy resources, of cheap gas, is of course coming to an end&#8221;. Read more: BBC
- [IEA sees peak oil in 2020](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/iea-sees-peak-oil-in-2020/): Global oil output could peak by 2020 &#8211; much earlier than expected &#8211; amid a collapse in investment due to the financial crisis, the International Energy Agency&#8217;s (IEA) chief economist Fatih Birol claimed. In an interview published today, Birol told the London-based newspaper the Guardian that conventional crude output could plateau in 2020, a development that was &#8220;not good news&#8221; for a world still heavily dependent on petroleum. The IEA has never before been specific about the point at which conventional oil would peak, although last month it said total crude output could peak in 2030. Birol&#8217;s comments follow other [&hellip;]
- [Peak oil: The four stages of a new idea](https://peakoil.net/publications/peak-oil-the-four-stages-of-a-new-idea/): Publication date: 2008-10-14 First published in: Energy Authors: U. Bardi Abstract: The present paper reviews the reactions and the path of acceptance of the theory known as “peak oil.” The theory was proposed for the first time by M.K. Hubbert in the 1950s as a way to describe the production pattern of crude oil. According to Hubbert, the production curve is “bell shaped” and approximately symmetric. Hubbert&#8217;s theory was verified with a good approximation for the case of oil production in the United States that peaked in 1971 and is now being applied to the worldwide oil production. It is [&hellip;]
- [Distribution of field sizes in a petroleum system: parabolic fractal, lognormal or stretched exponential?](https://peakoil.net/publications/distribution-of-field-sizes-in-a-petroleum-system-parabolic-fractal-lognormal-or-stretc/): Publication date: 2000-04-01 First published in: Marine and Petroleum Geology Authors: J. Laherrere Abstract: Field size distributions in three Petroleum Systems have been analyzed using different approaches. The parabolic fractal model shows the Niger Delta and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) have similar dispersed habitats, in contrast to the Saharan Triassic, which has a concentrated habitat. On a lognormal model, the Niger Delta and the Saharan Triassic field size distributions are similar, being almost linear and coinciding. However, field sizes in the GOM OCS lie on a curved and very different plot. Using a stretched exponential [&hellip;]
- [Saudi Prince: U.S. oil independence not applicable!](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/saudi-prince-us-oil-independence-not-applicable/): U.S. oil independence &#8220;is non-applicable&#8221; despite US President-elect Barack Obama&#8217;s assurances, said former Saudi Chief of Intelligence Prince Turki Al-Faisal Wednesday evening. Al-Faisal said in statements to KUNA, during a seminar held on Saudi-US relations organized by the Arab contemporary studies center at Georgetown University, &#8220;Saudi should not be worried concerning Obama&#8217;s attempts to launch oil independence, as oil remains the cheapest source of power. Therefore it cannot be made indispensable.&#8221; He added that the US call for independence in the field of energy was also on Bill Clinton&#8217;s agenda, but the US continued to buy oil. He noted that [&hellip;]
- [IEA: Six New Saudi Arabias Required](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/iea-six-new-saudi-arabias-required/): The World Energy Outlook 2008 (WEO2008) was released last week, and it contains updated studies and forecast from the International Energy Agency (IEA). One of their conclusions is that six new Saudi-Arabias is required until 2030, corresponding to 64 million barrels per day, to meet demand and counter decline. Also, they see increasing average decline rates of world oil production, mostly due to a switch to smaller fields as the old giants mature. This report signalizes that IEA begins to see more and more challenges with future oil supply. Some of the key graphs from WEO2008 can be found here: [&hellip;]
- [Assessing the suitability of input–output analysis for enhancing our understanding of potential economic effects of Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/publications/assessing-the-suitability-of-input-output-analysis-for-enhancing-our-understanding-of-p/): Publication date: 2008-08-30 First Published in: Energy Authors: C. Kerschner, K. Hubacek Abstract: Given recent developments in energy markets and skyrocketing oil prices, we argue for an urgent need to study the potential effects of world oil production reaching a maximum (Peak Oil) to facilitate the development of adaptation policies. We consider input–output (IO) modeling as a powerful tool for this purpose. However, the standard Leontief type model implicitly assumes that all necessary inputs to satisfy a given demand can and will be supplied. It is problematic if the availability of certain key inputs becomes restricted and it is therefore [&hellip;]
- [An exploration of alternative measures of natural resource scarcity: the case of petroleum resources in the U.S.](https://peakoil.net/publications/an-exploration-of-alternative-measures-of-natural-resource-scarcity-the-case-of-petrole/): Publication date: 1993-04-01 First Published in: Ecological Economics Authors: C. Cleveland Abstract: The concern about natural resource scarcity has traditionally focused on changes in the cost, quality, and availability of energy and material inputs to the production process. Ecological economists are increasingly concerned with an additional aspect of scarcity — the growing scarcity of environmental services that sustain human economic existence. The analysis here explores economic and biophysical indicators of natural resource scarcity. The indices are quantified for the extraction of petroleum resources in the U.S. The economic indicators are the market price of crude oil and natural gas, the [&hellip;]
- [VII ASPO Conference Barcelona 2008 Notes](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/vii-aspo-conference-barcelona-2008-notes/): The seventh annual European conference on Peak Oil was held in Barcelona, Spain on October 20-21. The conference theme was Peak Oil: From Below Ground to Above Ground. This could probably be classified as the first conference of the formally-incorporated organization ASPO- International, which came into being following the Cork (Ireland) conference in 2007. Spain was an interesting choice of venue in part because its government, along with Germany and Japan, has set some of the most aggressive goals in the world for ramping up renewable energy industries and supplies. They have enacted policies to encourage renewable development including subsidies [&hellip;]
- [The Oil Crunch](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-oil-crunch/): Publication date: 2008-10-29 First published in: UK Industry Taskforce Authors: UK Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil and Energy Security Abstract: The main conclusions of the Taskforce are: 1. The effects of peak oil will be felt in the next five years &#8211; during the next term of government High oil prices combined with the credit crunch had a profound effect on the UK economy this year. The UK needs to plan for the impact of this scenario in the longer term. In the absence of strong proactive action, the Taskforce anticipate oil prices much higher than the existing record of $147 [&hellip;]
- [Global Oil Production Is Falling Faster Than Expected](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/global-oil-production-is-falling-faster-than-expected/): The global crude-oil output is falling faster than expected, leaving producers struggling to meet demand without extra investment, the Financial Times said, citing a draft of an International Energy Agency report. Annual production is set to drop by 9.1 percent in the absence of additional investment, according to the draft of the agency&#8217;s World Energy Outlook obtained by the newspaper, the FT reported. Even with investment, the output will slide by 6.4 percent a year, it said. The shortfall will become acuter as prices fall and investment decisions are delayed, the newspaper said. The IEA forecasts that the rising consumption [&hellip;]
- [A Middle East View of The Global Oil Situation](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-middle-east-view-of-the-global-oil-situation/): Publication date: 2002-12-01 First Published in: Energy Exploration &amp; Exploitation Authors: A.M.S. Bakhtiari Abstract: Seen from a Middle Eastern perspective, the present global oil situation can be summarized within five major and inescapable trends: The world&#8217;s supergiant and giant oil fields are dying off; There are no more major frontier regions left to explore besides the earth&#8217;s poles; Production of non-conventional crude oil has been initiated at significant costs &#8211; in Venezuela&#8217;s Orinoco belt, Canada&#8217;s Athabasca tar sands and ultra-deep waters; Even OPEC&#8217;s oil production has its limits; No major primary energy rival can take over from oil and gas [&hellip;]
- [7th Annual International ASPO Conference](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/7-th-annual-international-aspo-conference/): Today the 7th annual ASPO conference in Barcelona, Spain began (conference home page) and this year&#8217;s theme is “Peak Oil: from below ground to above ground.” Catalonia’s minister for innovation, Josep Huguet, gave the opening speech and he discussed the importance of innovation for the future. As president of ASPO, I spoke of the organization’s development from the first conference in Uppsala in 2002 (when ASPO was 20 people from around Europe) until today where we are an international organization with divisions in 25 nations. Many more countries now plan to organize to become members of ASPO International. A detailed [&hellip;]
- [Can renewable and unconventional energy sources bridge the global energy gap in the 21st century?](https://peakoil.net/publications/can-renewable-and-unconventional-energy-sources-bridge-the-global-energy-gap-in-the-21s/): Publication date: 2003-06-01 First published in: Applied Energy Authors: Mamdouh G. Salameh Abstract: Energy experts project that global oil supplies will only meet demand until global oil production has peaked sometime between 2013 and 2020. Declining oil production after peak production will cause a global energy gap to develop, which will have to be bridged by unconventional and renewable energy sources. Nuclear, solar and hydrogen are destined to become major energy sources during the 21st century, but only if their enabling technologies improve significantly to ensure affordability and convenience of use. This paper will argue that global oil production will [&hellip;]
- [Alternative World Energy Outlook (AWEO) and the role of hydrogen in a changing energy landscape](https://peakoil.net/publications/alternative-world-energy-outlook-aweo-and-the-role-of-hydrogen-in-a-changing-energy-lan/): Publication date: 2008-07-01 First published in: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Authors: M. Zerta et al Abstract: The global energy situation is about to change at an accelerating pace and society is largely unprepared. Common energy analyses, such as the International Energy Agency&#8217;s “World Energy Outlook,” do not take into account foreseeable supply mismatches from conventional primary energy sources. It is thus the purpose of this paper to provide a progressive view based on an accelerated transition to renewable energies in the framework of LBST&#8217;s “Alternative World Energy Outlook.” A transition to renewable energies appears feasible; however, with an intermediate [&hellip;]
- [Climate change and rising energy costs: A threat but also an opportunity for a healthier future?](https://peakoil.net/publications/climate-change-and-rising-energy-costs-a-threat-but-also-an-opportunity-for-a-healthier/): Publication date: 2008-07-01 First published in: Public Health Authors: G. McCartney &amp; P. Hanlon Abstract: Health problems caused by overconsumption, growing inequalities, and diminished well-being are issues that have been attributed to the prioritization of economic growth as the central purpose of society. It is also known that climate change and rising energy prices will inevitably bring changes to the globe&#8217;s economic models. Doctors and the wider public health community have campaigned successfully in the past on issues such as the threat of nuclear war. Is it now time for this constituency to make its distinctive contribution to these new [&hellip;]
- [Oil Sands projects need oil prices over $100](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/oil-sands-projects-need-oil-prices-over-100/): New oil sands mine projects need crude prices to remain over $100 a barrel to turn a decent profit, analysts at UBS Securities said following Petro-Canada&#8217;s announcement last week that costs for its planned Fort Hills project had soared by more than half. Inflation has been the oil sands&#8217; hobgoblin, with the costs of some projects doubling as the price of steel and other materials have skyrocketed, and companies find it difficult to find skilled labor pool in remote northern Alberta. Where oil prices of $75 a barrel had been adequate to ensure a good profit, UBS-analyst Andrew Potter said [&hellip;]
- [ASPO 7 Conference in Barcelona](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-7-conference-in-barcelona/): The speaker program for the ASPO 7 Conference has now been finalized. Among the speakers are Colin Campbell, Kjell Aleklett, Jean Laherrere, Chris Skrebrowski and much more. The theme of the conference is below ground and above ground. Sessions will treat everything from geology, dynamics, geopolitics and much more. Please visit the conference website for more information and registration. Humans live in and from the biosphere. But in the first decade of the 21st Century, 85 percent of the primary energy consumed by the 6.7 billion humans comes from the lithosphere. About 40 percent of this energy is oil. Another [&hellip;]
- [Chinas oil reserve forecast and analysis based on peak oil models](https://peakoil.net/publications/chinas-oil-reserve-forecast-and-analysis-based-on-peak-oil-models/): Publication date: 2008-09-13 First Published in Energy Policy Authors: Feng Lianyong et al Abstract: To forecast future oil production, it is necessary to know the size of the reserves and use models. In this article, we use the typical Peak Oil models, the Hu–Chen–Zhang model usually called HCZ model and the Hubbert model, which have been used commonly for forecasting in China and the world, to forecast China&#8217;s oil Ultimate Recovery (URR). The former appears to give more realistic results based on an URR for China of 15.64 billion tons. The study leads to some suggestions for new policies to [&hellip;]
- [Crossing Hubbert’s peak: Portfolio effects in a growth model with exhaustible resources](https://peakoil.net/publications/crossing-hubbert-s-peak-portfolio-effects-in-a-growth-model-with-exhaustible-resources/): Publication date: 2007-07-01 First published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics Authors: T.R. Michl, D.K. Foley Abstract: This paper elaborates a two-class growth model with an exhaustible resource (“oil”) and an alternative technique (“solar”). Bequest savers accumulate wealth, consisting of capital and oil, saving a constant fraction of their end-of-period wealth. The price of oil obeys Hotelling’s rule. Rising oil prices and the depletion of oil supplies create portfolio effects on the accumulation of capital. When growth is constrained by an exogenously increasing labor force, these wealth effects express themselves in changes in the distribution of income, which first shifts [&hellip;]
- [Former BP CEO on oil prices and energy](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/former-bp-ceo-on-oil-prices-and-energy/): John Browne, the former chief executive of BP, said at the opening conference session of the Offshore Northern Seas show that he expected oil prices to stay above $80 to $100 a barrel. &#8220;It is difficult to see oil prices much below $100, so $80-$100,&#8221; Browne told the conference. Browne said energy subsidies have a habit of screwing up the market. “We need to see a 10-fold increase in energy efficiency in the next 40 years. It is a very challenging task, and there are critical questions about whether or not it can be achieved.” He said renewable energy presented [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil within Greenpeace](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-within-greenpeace/): Apparently, the topic of Peak Oil is now becoming discussed more and more within the environmental movement as an alternative reason for a change to a more sustainable society. As peak oil and the limitations of available fossil energy resources will significantly affect society and its ability to affect the environment, it is great to see that this also is discussed by the environmental movement. Rex Weyler, author, ecologist, and long-time Greenpeace member, writes the following: &#8220;As the era of cheap liquid fuels draws to an end, everything about modern consumer society will change. Likewise, developing societies pursuing the benefits [&hellip;]
- [Hubberts Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage](https://peakoil.net/publications/hubberts-peak-the-impending-world-oil-shortage/): Publication date: 2003-08-11 First Published In: Book Authors: Kenneth S. Deffeyes Abstract: Review from Scientific American: You have to wonder about the judgment of a man who writes, &#8220;As I drive by those smelly refineries on the New Jersey Turnpike, I want to roll the windows down and inhale deeply.&#8221; But for Kenneth S. Deffeyes, that&#8217;s the smell of home. The son of a petroleum engineer, he was born in Oklahoma, &#8220;grew up in the oil patch,&#8221; became a geologist and worked for Shell Oil before becoming a professor at Princeton University. And he still knows how to wield a [&hellip;]
- [Going green, is it just for the rich?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/going-green-is-it-just-for-the-rich/): Supporting the eco cause is a noble one, but sometimes even I&#8217;m forced to admit it&#8217;s slowly starting to feel like eco-conscious living is only for wealthy and privileged people. You really can&#8217;t fault anyone for not taking up a greener life because some things associated with it are just so expensive. It&#8217;s so easy to say pick up the green challenge and make the switch today. When you sit down and calculate the cost of that investment, the eventual pay-off is great (save mother nature, create a healthy body and environment for yourself and your loved ones) but the [&hellip;]
- [Alternative Energy - List Of Renewable Energy Sources](https://peakoil.net/renewable/alternative-energy-sources/): What are some Alternative Energy Sources? Each day, our energy needs rise, our supplies of fossil fuels run out, and the state of our planet become precarious. We increasingly need to look at alternative energy sources to meet our requirements for our modern lifestyles. Each of the methods below has been touted both a possible and an eco-friendly solution. Solar Energy The sun, a huge burning ball of hydrogen, outputs vast amounts of energy every second. Even the minute fraction that falls on the Earth&#8217;s surface is more than enough to supply all our energy needs. In total 122 PW [&hellip;]
- [Solar Water Heating System Basics For A Sustainable Future](https://peakoil.net/renewable/solar-water-heating/): Introduction Solar water heating uses the sun&#8217;s energy to heat water for many different uses. There are successful examples of its use in homes for heating hot water, pool, and spa, as well as the home itself. It has also been used successfully in a variety of commercial and institutional buildings. Solar water heating is worth considering because it offers very compelling economic, environmental, and energy sustainability benefits. Economic Benefits Solar water heating is a worthwhile budgetary investment whenever there is a combination of one or more of the following available to you: Average to above average sunshine Average to [&hellip;]
- [Fuel cell - What is it and how does it work?](https://peakoil.net/renewable/fuel-cell/): During the 19th century, William Grove found that the energy produced by simple chemical reactions could be harnessed and exploited. His work led to the creation of the first alkaline one-kilowatt fuel cell system in the 1950&#8217;s. The power producing the potential of fuel cells was quickly adopted by NASA, which used them in the Gemini, Apollo, and space shuttle programs. Since their use in the 1960&#8217;s space programs, fuel cells have been improved and are becoming commercially available in products such as cars, computers, cell phones, residential and small business power generators, and large-scale stationary power generators. Fuel cells [&hellip;]
- [What is a Green Household?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/what-is-a-green-household/): We are hearing more and more about “being green” every day in the news. But what does “being green” really mean to the typical American household? We’re flooded with green product marketing every day, but which of these products will make the most difference, and (since we’re all on a budget) for the least cost? To begin to answer these questions, we must first identify our household activities and the extent to which they contribute to our environmental impacts. Refer to the chart “Household Environmental Impact – Overall”. This chart shows, for a typical American household, both the category of [&hellip;]
- [What is Permaculture?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/what-is-permaculture/): Permaculture is a design for sustainable living called permaculture (permanent + agriculture). It&#8217;s Tasmanian founder, Bill Mollison, coined the phrase in 1972 because there was no word in our language to describe a system of farming which did not deplete the land or endure without constant human inputs. The Founder Of Permaculture During his most recent course in Texas, in the spring of 1996, Bill Mollison described permaculture as much more than a system of food production. It has become a system of categorizing the whole of human knowledge, so that essential, relevant facts are readily available to us whenever [&hellip;]
- [Solar Power – An Economic No Brainer](https://peakoil.net/renewable/solar-power-an-economic-no-brainer/): In the past, I&#8217;ve given examples of the cost-effectiveness of going solar. Today the details have changed, but the answer is still the same. While rebate levels have dropped, so have prices, solar power is still a cost-effective “no brainer” for most people. Let&#8217;s look at an example to see why. Let&#8217;s assume you have an average monthly electricity bill of $125/month or $1,500/yr. In this case, solar would save you more every month than it cost. Secondly, it would give you a return on investment of about 16.6%. Try finding any other investment with no risk at anything close [&hellip;]
- [Is the world drowning in oil?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/is-the-world-drowning-in-oil/): In March 1999 the cover of The Economist carried the bold headline &#8220;Drowning in Oil.&#8221; In December 1998 the price of Brent crude oil had dipped below $10 per barrel to then lie just over that mark. By October 2003 the situation in the oil market had changed, and the Economist now carried the headline &#8220;The End of the Oil Age.&#8221; At that time the price fluctuated around $30 per barrel which was an increase of 200 %. Low prices are usually an indicator of excess supply, and high prices are the opposite. Since it has the world&#8217;s largest reserves [&hellip;]
- [The Fracking Year 2015](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-fracking-year-2015/): On New Year’s Eve, the players in the fracking industry popped their champagne corks, but it was not to celebrate wonderful success as they had done the year before. Rather it was to drown their sorrows. The USA’s Energy Information Administration (EIA) has now released this year’s first Drilling Productivity Report so we can now summarize what happened with fracking for shale oil and shale gas during 2015. One the map you can see the areas in the USA that accounted for 92 % of the increase in oil production and 100 % of the increase in natural gas production [&hellip;]
- [Closing the fracking valve](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/closing-the-fracking-valve/): Since last autumn there has been an overproduction of oil in the USA compared to what the market, OPEC, and Saudi Arabia had planned. I have previously discussed how there is insufficient storage for this excess oil. It is relatively easy for the producers in the Middle East to close the taps and reduce production but closing the “fracking tap” is an entirely different story. Bloomberg has published an article describing how, at the moment, the fracking tap is being closed in the USA, “Watch Four Years of Oil Drilling Collapse in Seconds.” “The crash in oil prices kicked off [&hellip;]
- [Discoveries of new oil and gas reserves drop to 20-year low](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/discoveries-of-new-oil-and-gas-reserves-drop-to-20-year-low/): Discoveries of new oil and gas reserves dropped to their lowest level in at least two decades last year, pointing to tighter world supplies as energy demand increases in the future. Preliminary figures suggest the volume of oil and gas found last year, excluding shale and other reserves onshore in North America, was the lowest since at least 1995, according to previously unpublished data from IHS, the research company. Depending on later revisions, 2014 may turn out to have been the worst year for finding oil and gas since 1952.
- [The crash in the price of oil may change the oil market](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-crash-in-the-price-of-oil-may-change-the-oil-market-a-look-at-the-iea-s-oil-medium/): A look at the IEA’s “Oil Medium-Term Market Report 2015” On Tuesday 10 February at 13:00 GMT the IEA released its &#8220;Oil Medium-Term Market Report 2015&#8243;. The day before the release I was contacted by Jens Ergon at Sveriges Television (“Sweden’s Television, SVT) who wanted to get my opinion on the report. I had some hours to read through the 140 pages of the version provided to media before the report’s official release. It meant that I could comment on the report immediately it was released. SVT has now reported some of those comments in an article that Jens Ergon [&hellip;]
- [200 billion barrels of new oil production is needed by 2030](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/200-billion-barrels-of-new-oil-production-is-needed-by-2030/): This 21 November the world’s oil analysts are attempting to guess what OPEC will decide at its meeting in Vienna on 27 November. Before each OPEC meeting, Bloomberg News asks some analysts their opinions on OPEC’s future oil production. Yesterday Bloomberg News published what 20 analysts think regarding the 27 November meeting. Half of them believe that OPEC will reduce its production while the other half believe it will not change. The possibility of impending reductions in oil production affected the oil price such that, in London, the price of Brent crude for delivery in January rose by 67 cents [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil is still our future’s reality](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-is-still-our-future-s-reality/): (This is the final reply in the discussion on &#8220;The falling oil price may presage a future recession.&#8221;) In reply to my previous contribution, “The falling oil price may presage a future recession,” Civil Economist Magnus Grill (19 October in Swedish) says that I assert, “that Peak Oil does not mean that oil will run out rather than that demand for oil will disappear. Thus it is no longer a question of Peak Oil from a production standpoint rather than now it is from a demand standpoint. It means that Aleklett has completely altered his early reasoning.” I must disappoint [&hellip;]
- [The falling oil price may presage a future recession](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-falling-oil-price-may-presage-a-future-recession/): Since July the price of Brent crude oil has fallen from $113 per barrel to $85.62 (on October 14). Historically we saw a similarly rapid fall in the in the oil price in late 2008 followed by the start of the global recession the year after. In 2008 the fall from July to December was from $140 down to $40 per barrel. At the moment we see no slowing of the price decline, and we do not know how low the price will fall. The fact that increased global energy consumption is a measure of economic growth means that these [&hellip;]
- [Russia (Rosneft) and the USA (ExxonMobil) strike oil in Arctic well](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/russia-rosneft-and-the-usa-exxonmobil-strike-oil-in-arctic-well/): The news is spreading around the world that Rosneft and ExxonMobil have been successful in their joint effort to find oil in the Kara Sea up in the Arctic. Personally, I am doubtful that we should produce this oil, but now that the oil appears to exist there we must place it in our global energy system. From the headlines spreading around the world, one can get the impression that the discovery will change the future of oil production. In the discussion below I will use the information from an article in the Financial Times, &#8220;Rosneft and ExxonMobil strike oil [&hellip;]
- [Aging oil fields can turn the Arabian Peninsula into a powder keg](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aging-oil-fields-can-turn-the-arabian-peninsula-into-a-powder-keg/): If one studies the world’s oil resources and oil production, then the Arabian Peninsula is of central interest. The remaining monarchies of the region have established the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It was formed in 1981 as a response to the Iranian Revolution and Iraq’s attack on Iran. The GCC is comprised of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, The United Arab Emirates and Oman. Within the GCC exist enormous oil resources. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 40% of the world’s remaining conventional oil reserves exists within the GCC. The world’s largest conventional oil field is Ghawar [&hellip;]
- [OPEC’s 165th meeting: "Everybody is happy"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/opec-s-165th-meeting-everybody-is-happy/): On 11 June OPEC held its 165th meeting in Vienna, and the organization’s 12 members decided to maintain its production volume of 30 million barrels of oil per day (Mb/d). The meeting is reported in the OPEC Bulletin 6/14. They also decided to extend Abdalla Salem El-Badri’s term as general secretary of OPEC until the end of the year. After the meeting a press conference was held during which General Secretary El-Badri stated, “Right now we have a very comfortable crude oil price, the market is stable, and OPEC is producing 30 Mb/d of crude, more or less. The consumers [&hellip;]
- [The EU’s and Russia’s mutual dependence](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-eu-s-and-russia-s-mutual-dependence/): On 4 June I participated with Patrik Jotun, (a researcher and analyst at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), in a symposium organized by the Green Liberals with the theme, “Environmental and Climate Policy in the Shadow of Developments in Russia – on the environment, climate, security, and energy supply.” The delegates were allowed into the Folk Party’s premises at Mynttorget under strict security control. My presentation was somewhat similar to that I gave at The Economist’s recent symposium in Stockholm, and so I will direct you to my earlier blog on that event for details (European Energy Horizons 2014). I [&hellip;]
- [Clouds on the horizon for fracking companies?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/clouds-on-the-horizon-for-fracking-companies/): The Oil &amp; Gas Journal has published an article with the headline, &#8220;Chesapeake mulls spinoff, the sale of oil field services division.&#8221; The article is especially interesting since Chesapeake is one of the largest companies in fracking. On Chesapeake Energy Corporation’s website, one can read that they are the second largest producer of natural gas and the eleventh largest company for the production of oil and NGL in the USA. Further, one can read that, “The company’s operations are focused on discovering and developing its large and geographically diverse resource base of unconventional natural gas and oil assets onshore in [&hellip;]
- [NOG Symposium: World Energy Outlook 2013 - Energy Markets Changing](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/nog-symposium-world-energy-outlook-2013-energy-markets-changing/): On February 6 the Swedish Energy Agency organized a symposium at which the World Energy Outlook 2013 report was discussed, primarily regarding a changing energy market. Personally, I was interested in what Bo Diczfalusy, ‎Director of the Swedish Ministry of Enterprise and Energy, would say about WEO 2013. From December 2009 until December 2012 he was Director of the Directorate of Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology at the International Energy Agency (IEA). That means that he is well acquainted with the production of WEO reports. His presentation on WEO 2013 did not differ significantly from that given by the IEA’s [&hellip;]
- [Fracking in the Barnett Shale around Dallas-Fort Worth, a city of 1 million](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/fracking-in-the-barnett-shale-around-dallas-fort-worth-a-city-of-1-million/): For the past 100 days, I have visited shale formations with oil and gas from Amarillo in the north to Laredo and Eagle Ford in the south, from Odessa and the Permian Basin in the west to Nacogdoches and the Haynesville Shale in the east. The only remaining shale formation to visit on my list was the Barnett Shale around Fort Worth West of Dallas. It was here that the US adventure with fracking began and in September 2013 RRC, Railroad Commission of Texas reported that one had drilled 18,300 wells in the Barnett Shale. In last May 2011 the [&hellip;]
- [Nobel dialogue in Gothenburg on 9 December](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/nobel-dialogue-in-gothenburg-on-9-december-comments/): For the second time a dialogue has been organized during the Nobel Prize week, and this time it was in Gothenburg. The idea of the event is that one should take advantage of the unique opportunity that some Nobel Prize winners, other leading researchers, leaders of industry and politicians are gathered in Sweden for the Nobel Prize festivities. The theme for the dialogue this year was the future of energy, and I felt honored to be invited to participate. It has been particularly enjoyable for me to be in Gothenburg since this is the city in which I was born [&hellip;]
- [Now the world needs new energy systems](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/now-the-world-needs-new-energy-systems/): On December 9th, the day before the Nobel Prizes are handed out in Stockholm; there is a &#8220;Nobel Week Dialogue&#8221; in Gothenburg. This year&#8217;s theme is &#8220;Exploring the Future of Energy, &#8221; and participating Nobel Laureates are presented by the organizers. My contribution to the dialogue is now published by Svenska Dagbladet on “Brännpunkt” under the heading &#8220;Now we need new energy systems&#8221;. Now the world needs new energy systems Kjell Aleklett, Professor The University of Texas at Austin and Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems NASA has just released a new image showing lights on the Earth’s surface at night. [&hellip;]
- [A field trip to East Texas Oilfield, November 2013](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/a-field-trip-to-east-texas-oilfield-november-2013/): The largest oilfield in the USA south of Canada is said to be the East Texas Oilfield. (The largest oilfield in the USA is Prudho Bay in Alaska).Since I began my research on oil in 2003 my mental image of the East Texas Oilfield has been the graph of production from that field that Jean Laherrère used to present and update every year. The latest version is updated for 2012. We see that production reached a maximum in 1933 and then declined until the 1960s when they began to pump water into the field to raise its pressure. Production then [&hellip;]
- [The IEA raises a little warning flag on future oil production](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/world-energy-outlook-2013/): World Energy Outlook 2013 By Kjell Aleklett Uppsala University Department of Geosciences and Visiting professor at University of Texas at Austin Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering On 12 November the International Energy Agency (IEA) released this year’s edition of their World Energy Outlook report, WEO-2013. I have not studied all the detail in the report, but I listened to the presentation that the IEA’s chief economist, Dr. Fatih Birol, gave in London. During the past ten years, I have studied and analyzed the World Energy Outlook reports. One of the first detailed analyses that I did was in 2004 [&hellip;]
- [Goldman Sachs - "360 projects to change the world"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/goldman-sachs-360-projects-to-change-the-world/): The fact that they have now begun to produce oil from Kashagan and that we know the project costs are $48 billion gives me a reason to look at a report that Goldman Sachs presented in March 2012, ”360 projects to change the world”. They have studied how much oil and gas the various projects are planned to deliver and the very interesting information on what oil price is needed for the projects to be profitable. The fact that all new projects need financiers means that new projects are well documented. It also makes it possible to do this analysis. [&hellip;]
- [Perspective on future oil use](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/perspective-on-future-oil-use/): Network Oil &amp; Gas (NOG) was formed in Sweden 12 years ago. It is a forum for training, exchange of experience and debate on issues that affect the use and significance of fossil fuels. During a year, NOG aims to organize approximately six symposia. Last Monday’s seminar was titled, “Perspective on future oil use” and was the 69th to be held. I was most recently invited to deliver a lecture for NOG in 2004, but as early as 2001 I was invited to present at one of their symposia that they had organized to examine the extent of public interest [&hellip;]
- [Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Likely Harmed Threatened Kentucky Fish Species](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-likely-harmed-threatened-kentucky-fish-species/): The U.S. Geological Survey has, in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, issued a report with the title, “Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Likely Harmed Threatened Kentucky Fish Species”. They assert: Hydraulic fracturing fluids are believed to be the cause of the widespread death or distress of aquatic species in Kentucky&#8217;s Acorn Fork, after spilling from nearby natural gas well sites. These findings are the result of a joint study by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Acorn Fork, a small Appalachian creek, is habitat for the federally threatened Blackside dace, a small colorful [&hellip;]
- [Barnett shale gas production – on its way downhill?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/barnett-shale-gas-production-on-its-way-downhill/): Map of existing permits and wells currently carried on the oil proration schedule and gas proration schedule database. The American shale gas revolution began in the area that goes under the name of the Barnett Shale. On the map above you can see existing permits and wells. The Railroad Commission of Texas (RRA) is the organization that holds responsibility for the official oil- and gas statistics in Texas. On 22 August 2013, the RRA published the latest statistics on the Barnett Shale (see report). The official name of the area that lies from southwest to northwest of Dallas is not [&hellip;]
- [China on Track to spend US$500bn on Crude Oil Imports by 2020, Surpassing US Import Require](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/comments-on-wood-mackenzie-s-report-china-on-track-to-spend-us-500bn-on-crude-oil-impo/): On 20 August Wood Mackenzie (WoodMac) released a report on China and the USA’s future imports of oil. WoodMac regards itself as one of the world’s leading companies producing energy analyses. The title of the report is “Heading in Opposite Directions: China and US Reliance on Oil”, but I chose to use the report’s subtitle as part of this blog, “China on Track to spend US$500bn on Crude Oil Imports by 2020, Surpassing US Import Requirements”. In recent days WoodMac’s report has been cited by a large number of news outlets around the world and in Sweden. As an example [&hellip;]
- [The Economist: "Oil is yesterday’s fuel"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-economist-oil-is-yesterday-s-fuel/): The next issue of The Economist has a front cover that says, &#8220;The future of oil – Yesterday’s fuel.&#8221; 14 years ago, on 4 March 1999, the front cover had an entirely different message. Then, the editors of the Economist published an article titled, &#8220;Drowning in Oil.&#8221; They wrote that “The world is awash with the stuff, and it is likely to remain so.” They thought that cheap oil from the Middle East would reduce the then price of $10 down to $5 per barrel. One year earlier Colin Campbell and Jean Laherrere wrote in an article in Scientific American [&hellip;]
- [How to report resources and reserves](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/how-to-report-resources-and-reserves/): The discussion of Israel’s oil reserves gives me a reason to discuss the rules that exist for reporting of resources and reserves of conventional oil. It is this oil that still dominates world production, and it is the production of this oil that has now reached peak oil and has slowly begun to decline. A bright future for increased production requires that we address the production of unconventional oil and for those, there are not yet any firm rules about how resources and reserves should be reported. As an example, I can point to how the kerogen oil in Israel [&hellip;]
- [Egypt condemned to continued chaos without its earnings from oil!](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/egypt-condemned-to-continued-chaos-without-its-earnings-from-oil/): On the ASPO Sweden website, Martin Saar has written a good article on Egypt and how declining income from oil production is a source of that nation’s current problems. It is a problem for their future. ( The text is translated into English by Michael Lardelli ). Written by Martin Saar Egypt has fallen into chaos again, and our traditional mainstream media once again have succeeded in missing the fundamental causes of that nation’s problems – runaway population growth, declining natural resources and a continuously worsening trade balance. Unfortunately, those factors were already obvious several years ago and are now [&hellip;]
- [Global Peak Water](https://peakoil.net/environment/global-peak-water/): Colin Campbell and I first changed the order of the words “Oil Peak” to “Peak Oil” when we thought it would give a better acronym for the name of the NGO we were considering forming. When we did that we had no idea that the “Peak-” descriptor would one day have the impact it has demonstrated. The NGO we were discussing had the working title of “The Association for the Study of the Oil Peak”, ASOP. That acronym jarred a little and thus “Oil Peak” was swapped around to “Peak Oil” so that ASOP would be “ASPO”. Since then many [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil: preparing for the "second half of the age of oil"](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-preparing-for-the-second-half-of-the-age-of-oil/): In the journal, Science Omega, James Morgan has published an interview with me where we discuss how we can prepare for &#8220;the second half of the age of oil.&#8221; Because so many articles in the last half year have tried to convince us that we do not need to worry about Peak Oil, it was a pleasure to discuss how Peak Oil will affect us in future. The title of the article, &#8220;Peak Oil: preparing for the extinction of &#8216;petroleum man&#8217; indicates that it is taking a very long term view but before he becomes extinct &#8216;petroleum man&#8217; will contract [&hellip;]
- [Future oil production in Canada](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/future-oil-production-in-canada/): The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) has just released a report &#8220;Crude Oil – Forecast, Markets &amp; Transportation.&#8221; In 2007 we wrote our article on production from the Canadian oil sands titled, “A crash program scenario for the Canadian oil sands industry” and since then I have followed developments in Canada. Therefore, it was with great interest that I downloaded CAPP’s report. Before we study the report in more detail, we should note the disclaimer on the first page, “This publication was prepared by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). While it is believed that the information contained [&hellip;]
- [Oil Production in the Polar Regions](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/oil-production-in-the-polar-regions/): by Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell Today, the Arctic Council’s eight foreign ministers from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Russia, Canada and the USA meet in Sweden to discuss, among other things, oil production in the Arctic. They will attempt to agree on a binding joint treaty regarding what preparations will exist in the case of an oil spill/accident. The amount of oil that is accessible for production is limited, and large fields are required for such production to be profitable. The thing that distinguishes the polar region from e.g. the area between the UK and Norway is that the [&hellip;]
- [New natural gas discovery in Australia](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/new-natural-gas-discovery-in-australia/): &nbsp; I have just picked up this news on a new natural gas discovery off the coast of Western Australia. The idea is for the gas to be cooled in order to liquefy it. They do not state the volume of this discovery but the text at the top of the figure states that 21 discoveries since 2009 together amount to 10 trillion cubic feet of resources”. Recalculated as oil equivalents this is around 1,900 million barrels. We will see how significant this discovery is when they convert these resources into reserves. At the end of the blog my translator, [&hellip;]
- [The Oil and Gas Prime Ministers of the UK](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-oil-and-gas-prime-ministers-of-the-uk/): Margaret Thatcher, one of the United Kingdom&#8217;s greatest leaders, has died. We can hear on the radio and see on TV how she is praised for her political deeds. Many consider that it was the changes in the economic system and her economic liberalism that led to the UK&#8217;s economic success in recent decades. Of course, those factors may have had a significant influence but what is not mentioned is that Margaret Thatcher took power in the UK when it was in a very favorable position &#8211; i.e. the oil companies had found oil and natural gas under the North [&hellip;]
- [Qatar confident of future gas demand](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/qatar-confident-of-future-gas-demand/): The conference “Peak Oil: Challenges and Opportunities for the GCC Countries” in Doha, Qatar, has ended. It was a very interesting Peak Oil conference and was the first to be held in the Middle East. I was given the honor of summarizing the conference and will write a summary when I am back in Sweden. Until then you can read the notice regarding the conference that was published in the Qatar Tribune: “‘Peak Oil’ meet begins.” Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG, is very important for Qatar. At breakfast this morning I read the Qatar Times and in it was an interesting [&hellip;]
- [Challenges and opportunities for the GCC countries](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-gcc-countries/): At the beginning of January, I was invited to give a presentation and participate in a panel discussion on Peak Oil. Maybe this is not such a huge surprise but what was surprising was that the invitation was a symposium titled “Peak Oil: Challenges and Opportunities for GCC Countries” that is to be held in Doha, Qatar. The lead organizer of the meeting is the “Arabic and International Relations Forum” and “Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute” that is part of the Qatar Foundation. At first, I did not know what nations were included in the GCC. A search revealed [&hellip;]
- [Comments on the hearing on “American Energy Security and Innovation” before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/comments-on-the-hearing-on-american-energy-security-and-innovation-before-the-subcommi/): “Many small creeks make a large stream” is a Swedish saying that describes well the production of shale oil and shale gas. Equivalent English sayings are, “Many a little makes a mickle,” (that originated in Scotland, and then President George Washington used in a text of 1793) and “Many drops make a river.” If one looks at a map of the Bakken showing only the top 20% best-producing wells one cannot deny that there are many “drops.” The hearing that the Subcommittee on Energy and Power (US House of Representatives) held on 5 February investigated whether all these many wells [&hellip;]
- [Gas flaring at Bakken and Eagle Ford](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/gas-flaring-at-bakken-and-eagle-ford/): Since the IEA presented its World Energy Outlook report of 2012, the world’s press has spread the news that the USA can become a larger oil producer than Saudi Arabia. They have also reported on increased production of shale gas. During recent years production of shale gas has increased substantially that the price of natural gas has fallen to levels where it is no longer profitable to drill new wells. I have previously described how drilling rigs are leaving the shale gas fields. Today, the Oil&amp;Gas Journal reported that “Oil prices rise in the mixed market but gas ‘falls off [&hellip;]
- [Canada’s oil sands cannot stop Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/canada-oil-sands/): The term “Peak Oil” was used for the first time in January 2001. It was then that Colin Campbell wrote his first newsletter for ASPO, the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas. A month later the “Focus” (Brännpunkt) the Op-Ed column of Svenska Dagbladet, Sweden, published the first debate article on Peak Oil. In the debate that followed, Tommy Nordin, the then head of the Swedish Petroleum Institute (now the Swedish Petroleum and Biofuel Institute) advanced the view that we did not need to worry about Peak Oil since huge oil sand resources exist. When the Global [&hellip;]
- [Offshore production and investments](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/offshore-production-and-investments/): Björn Lindahl has published an article on activities and investment on the world’s seas. (20120108 in Swedish in the edition of Svenska Dagbladet Industry [the business section of one of Sweden’s major broadsheet newspapers].) He states that 59,000 freight ships ply the world’s oceans and that the world’s shipping turns over $183 billion per year. He also asserts that only half of the fish that we eat are caught wild at sea, the rest being cultured in large cages or on land in dams/ponds. We know that Norway is a large producer of fish. Naturally, he also writes about the [&hellip;]
- [Lower output target for Iraq](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/lower-output-target-for-iraq/): In the World Energy Outlook 2012 report the IEA presents its view of future crude oil production (see the figure). With decreases of over 2 million barrels per day (Mb/d) by 2035 both Russia and China have passed Peak Oil. In other nations where crude oil production has previously reached Peak Oil, the decline in their production continues. The savior in this time of need is Iraq with a projected increase in production of 5.5 Mb/d. We have previously heard that ExxonMobil wants to leave projects in southern Iraq and now Statoil is leaving West Qurna at the same time [&hellip;]
- [EU must drastically reduce its oil imports](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/eu-must-drastically-reduce-its-oil-imports/): Kjell Aleklett, Professor in Global Energy Systems at Uppsala University, Sweden. The Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet has now, 2012 December 23, published my article &#8220;EU must drastically reduce its oil imports.&#8221; In Swedish, &#8220;EU måste skära ner sin oljeimport drastiskt.&#8221; Michael Lardelli has made an excellent translation of the article, and I have added some relevant photos and graphs. Every week you are around 1000 persons that read my blog and me which you all Merry Christmas and a happy new year. The term “Peak Oil” refers to that point in time when the rate at which oil is produced [&hellip;]
- [U.S. Gas Exports](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/u-s-gas-exports/): On Friday I boarded the aircraft in New York to travel back to Stockholm from (among other things) the ASPO-USA conference. When I did so, I picked up two newspapers, The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and the Financial Times (FT). The front page of the WSJ was headlined with the news, &#8220;U.S. Gas Exports Clear Hurdle&#8220;, and on page 3 in FT one could read &#8220;US study on gas output backs exports.&#8221; (The Internet version of the article is titled, “Report gives the green light to US gas exports&#8221;) If we focus on the WSJ article, then we can examine [&hellip;]
- [2012 ASPO-USA Conference in Austin Texas – reflections, ASPO-USA awards and new president for ASPO-USA](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/2012-aspo-usa-conference-in-austin-texas-reflections-aspo-usa-awards-and-new-president-for-aspo-usa/): For the past two years, ASPO-USA has had its yearly conference in Washington close to the centre of political power. This year as the political pot was stirred after the presidential election they chose to move the conference to Texas. With the cooperation of The University of Texas at Austin, it was possible to move the conference into an academic environment as well as into the heartland of American oil production. The first international ASPO conference was also organized in an academic environment at Uppsala University in Sweden in 2002. This theme for this year’s ASPO-USA conference was “The Next [&hellip;]
- [An analysis of World Energy Outlook 2012 as preparation for an interview with Science](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/an-analysis-of-world-energy-outlook-2012-as-preparation-for-an-interview-with-science/): On 12 November the IEA’s World Energy Outlook report for 2012 (WEO-2012) was presented by the chief economist of that organization, Dr. Fatih Birol. When he did, so there was one idea that the journalists in the audience latched on to – that by 2020 the USA would become the world’s largest oil producer. The USA would even produce more oil than Saudi Arabia! The New York Times led with the news, “U.S. to Be World’s Top Oil Producer in 5 Years, Report Says” and in their article they wrote that “The United States will overtake Saudi Arabia as the [&hellip;]
- [U.S. the New Saudi Arabia? Peak Oilers Scoff](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/usgs-alaskas-untapped-oil-reserves-estimate-lowered-by-about-90-percent/): Last night I got a call from Peter Coy, Economics Editor for Bloomberg Business Week in New York and he wanted to ask some questions about the claim that the United States in the future would export oil. Our discussion is now published in Bloomberg Business Week, Global Economics. Here is a copy of the article: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-11-12/u-dot-s-dot-the-new-saudi-arabia-peak-oilers-scoff
- [World Energy Outlook 2012 – NYT article focusing on the USA](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/world-energy-outlook-2012-nyt-article-focusing-on-the-usa/): Today the IEA’s World Energy Outlook for 2012 was released. I will comment on the report when I have had an opportunity to read it. At the moment numerous newspaper articles have misunderstood the contents of WEO2012. For example, an article in the New York Times has been published under the headline: U.S. to Be World’s Top Oil Producer in 5 Years, Report Says. The errors in the article were so severe that the NYT was forced to publish the following correction. Correction: November 12, 2012 “An earlier version of this article misstated the International Energy Agency’s prediction of American [&hellip;]
- [Peak Oil Postponed?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-postponed-seminar-at-the-think-tank-global-challenge-in-stockholm-sweden/): Seminar at the think tank Global Challenge in Stockholm Sweden Global Challenge: Recently, new data on available oil reserves, new deep-water deposits, oil sands and especially &#8220;shale gas&#8221; has given rise to concerns about what these resources mean from a climate perspective. The seminar &#8220;Peak Oil Postponed?&#8221; Aims to analyze the importance of these tasks. Charles AS Hall, a professor at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and one of the authors of the book Energy and the Wealth of Nations. Hall has coined the term Eroi, &#8220;energy return on investment&#8221; and highlights this concept the significance of the [&hellip;]
- [The 127th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-127th-assembly-of-the-inter-parliamentary-union-and-peak-oil-0/): “The Inter-Parliamentary Union” (IPU) had its seat in Geneva and was formed as early as 1889 on the initiative of the then freedom activists William Cremer of the United Kingdom and Frédéric Passy of Frankrike. They were both members of their respective nations’ parliaments and intended that conflicts would be solved by negotiation rather than war. In 1901 Frédéric Passy became the first person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize while William Cremer has to wait until 1903 for that honor. Today the IPU consists of 162 members and ten associate members (http://www.ipu.org/english/home.htm). From 22 to 26 October the IPU [&hellip;]
- [Correlation Between Oil Production and Reserves Discovery](https://peakoil.net/publications/correlation-between-oil-production-and-reserves-discovery/): Publication date: 2002-06-01 First published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: M. Feygin Abstract: This paper shows that there is a strict quantitative connection between three factors: reserves-to-production ratio (w), the rate of production growth (a), and degree of reserve replenishment during one year (i). The first of these factors shows how many years the current level of production can be supported by existing proved reserves (if both are invariable). The second factor shows how quickly the production increases. The third characterizes the correlation between oil production and reserves discovery, which is the basis for potential oil production growth. For planning [&hellip;]
- [The 10th ASPO conference in Vienna on YouTube](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/the-10th-aspo-conference-in-vienna-on-youtube/): The 10th Annual ASPO International Conference in Vienna was a great success. On the conference website, you can read about the conference (ASPO 2012), you can look in detail at the program (program) and read the presentations of the speakers and download their presentations (speakers). All seminars were filmed, and now all the presentations are available on YouTube. The organizers, Michael Cerveny, George Günsberg and Rembrandt Koppelaar (organization), have done a fantastic job to make the presentations from the conference to a historical document. Now there are 34 presentations on YouTube. We who participated in the conference can once again [&hellip;]
- [ASPO Conference 2012 – 10 Years of ASPO (1)](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/aspo-conference-2012-10-years-of-aspo-1/): Presentation of the book Peeking at Peak Oil ASPO was formed ten years ago in 2002 during the world’s first Peak Oil conference in Uppsala. During the autumn of the year 2000, a number of people had encouraged Colin Campbell to take the initiative to form an organization that would study Peak Oil and informs the world that it faced a great challenge – within ten years the world’s oil production would reach its maximum level. Together with Jean Leherrere, Colin had described this fact in an article in Scientific American in March 1998. This year’s conference was our tenth [&hellip;]
- [World Oil Production via Hubbert Linearization of Production and Normalizations of Production](https://peakoil.net/publications/world-oil-production-via-hubbert-linearization-of-production-and-normalizations-of-prod/): Publication date: 2012-01-30 First published in: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy Authors: W.B. Carlson Abstract: The Hubbert linearization and normalizations for the rate of change of production have been used to depict the trends of oil production via the logistic and Gompertz models. Estimated cumulative production based upon the Hubbert linearization of the oil history indicates a total ultimately recoverable resource (URR) for all liquids of 2.6 terabarrels (Tb). The Gompertz URR is projected to be near 4 Tb for all liquids including non-traditional sources. The normalization of the change of rate of oil production to the [&hellip;]
- [Trends in U.S. recoverable coal supply estimates and future production outlooks](https://peakoil.net/publications/trends-in-u-s-recoverable-coal-supply-estimates-and-future-production-outlooks/): Publication date: 2010-09-01 First published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: M. Höök, K. Aleklett Abstract: The geological coal resource of the U.S. is abundant and proved coal reserves are listed as the world’s largest. However, the reserves are unevenly distributed and located in a small number of states, giving them major influence over future production. A long history of coal mining provides detailed time series of production and reserve estimates, which can be used to identify historical trends. In reviewing the historical evolution of coal reserves, one can state that the trend here does not point towards any major increases [&hellip;]
- [Behold, The Water-Powered Clock](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/water-powered-clock/): The Water-Powered Clock There are a lot of interesting things that people are doing to get off of batteries as we know them. One of the most important things about consumer electronics is that they often run off of batteries that are abysmal for the environment. They contain loads of chemicals and inert elements that can wreak havoc on natural systems if they are not disposed of properly. The sad thing is that batteries rarely ever are disposed of properly. New technologies are becoming popular to help nudge out the old guard of battery power. One of the coolest things [&hellip;]
- [Peak oil is real and will stunt any economic recovery](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-is-real-and-will-stunt-any-economic-recovery/): Rex Weyler, executive member of the Vancouver Peak Oil campaign group, has written a viewpoint on peak oil for Public Service Europe. During the last century, society squandered 500 million years of captured sunlight on drag races, traffic jams, private jets, and overheated office buildings &#8211; warns campaign group. Oil company cheerleaders proclaiming huge supplies of oil are dead wrong. Peak oil is as real as rain, and it is here now. Not 2050. Not 2020. Now. Oil production has been flat since 2005. This is not by choice. The producers cannot increase production because new fields cannot keep pace [&hellip;]
- [A Geopolitics of Cyprus](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-geopolitics-of-cyprus/): Publication date: 2012-01-05 First Published in: Middle East Reviews of International Affairs Authors: J. Leigh, P. Vukovic Abstract: Due to its strategic location, Cyprus has been coveted by various external powers throughout its history. Today shipping routes for oil and competition for control of potential chokepoints make European powers, Turkey, and others very involved with that island country. Published in: MERIA (Middle East Reviews of International Affairs), Volume 15, Issue 4 Available from: Rubin Center
- [Much ado about Hotelling: Beware the ides of Hubbert](https://peakoil.net/publications/much-ado-about-hotelling-beware-the-ides-of-hubbert/): A recent publication in Energy Economics by Douglas Reynolds and Jungho Baek has analyzed the use of Hotelling and Hubbert theories as determinants for oil price. Their conclusion is that scarcity rent has little importance, while the Hubbert curve is a major determinant of oil prices. Abstract: Much economic literature analyzes the Hotelling principle. Little economic literature analyzes the Hubbert curve, although much controversy surrounds it. This difference in emphasis by economists needs to be reconsidered critically, and towards that end, we attempt to look at both concepts simultaneously. We test whether a simple Hubbert curve model is a significant [&hellip;]
- [A combined decline-curve and price analysis of US crude oil production, 1968–1976](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-combined-decline-curve-and-price-analysis-of-us-crude-oil-production-1968-1976/): Publication date: 1980-04-01 First Published in: Energy Economics Authors: A.E. Bopp Abstract: An approach combining decline-curve and price analysis is used to model US oil production over the period 1968–1976. The decline curve characteristics of US oil production are captured with time series analysis. Regression analysis is then used to adjust the time series estimates to account for price changes. Significant but small price effects are shown to exist in the short run, and policy implications of the analytical findings are explored. Published in: Energy Economics, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 1980, Pages 111-114 Available from: Science Direct
- [Oil demand a real threat to U.S. security](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/oil-demand-a-real-threat-to-us-security/): James Callum has written an excellent overview of a real threat to the US security, namely the oil demand and reliance on imported oil. Currently, domestic production and consumption in the USA are drastically out of kilter with only a handful of states pumping out a significant amount of fuel for public consumption. Read more: Oil &amp; Gas
- [Are we sleepwalking into disaster?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/peak-oil-are-we-sleepwalking-into-disaster/): A new piece about peak oil, entitled &#8220;Peak oil &#8211; are we sleepwalking into disaster?&#8221; has been written by Dean Carroll. Below follows a short teaser and a link to the entire article. Governments and oil companies have been silent over the ramifications of fossil fuel depletion, but we have now reached the moment for an urgent debate on a future without cheap oil. Like climate change, peak oil is often perceived by the more pessimistic analysts as one of those apocalyptic conundrums where we are already past the tipping point – meaning that any solutions human ingenuity can deliver [&hellip;]
- [PetroChina: warns of severe market](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/petrochina-warns-of-severe-market/): PetroChina, the Chinese oil and gas giant, saw soaring costs devour much higher revenues in the first half to post a similar profit to a year ago. PetroChina said it piled on revenues in the six months to the end of June despite “a complex macroeconomic environment” which saw volatility in oil prices and poor demand for petrochemical products. The second half could prove even more challenging with the company warning: “The uncertainty and instability of the global economic recovery may become more severe, while the global financial markets and crude prices may see greater fluctuations.” Read more: Yahoo News
- [Descriptive and predictive growth curves in energy system analysis](https://peakoil.net/publications/descriptive-and-predictive-growth-curves-in-energy-system-analysis/): Publication date: 2011-06-01 First Published In: Natural Resources Research Authors: M. Höök et al. Abstract: This study reviews a variety of growth curve models and the theoretical frameworks that lay behind them. In many systems, growth patterns are, or must, ultimately be subjected to some form of limitation. Some curve models have been developed to describe and predict such behaviors. Symmetric growth curves have frequently been used for forecasting fossil fuel production, but others have expressed a need for more flexible and asymmetric models. Some examples show differences and applications of various growth curve models. It is concluded that these [&hellip;]
- [A supply model for crude oil and natural gas in the Middle East](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-supply-model-for-crude-oil-and-natural-gas-in-the-middle-east/): Publication date: 2007-04-01 First Published in: Energy Policy Authors: R. Chedid et al Abstract: Crude oil (CO) and natural gas (NG) play an important role in the world economy. The Arab countries (ACs) share 64% of the total oil reserves and 40% of the NG reserves. On the production side, AC&#8217;s contribute to 30% and 9% of the world production of CO and NG, respectively. Accurate forecast models are needed to do better planning and create a less risky business environment. In this paper, an econometric model is built to capture the behavior of CO and NG production in the [&hellip;]
- [Climate Change, Peak Oil, and Globalization: Contradictions of Natural Capital](https://peakoil.net/publications/climate-change-peak-oil-and-globalization-contradictions-of-natural-capital/): Publication date: 2007-06-01 First published in: Review of Radical Political Economics Authors: F. Curtis Abstract: This article argues that economic globalization may be undermined by predicted impacts of global warming and peak oil (depletion). They are projected to cause significant damage to transportation infrastructure and increase transportation costs. They may also increase business risk, food prices, and general prices. As a result, the long distance exploitation of cheap labor may lose much of its economic profitability in coming decades, and supply chains may contract to regional and local lengths. Published in: Review of Radical Political Economics, Volume 39, Issue 3, [&hellip;]
- [Coal-to-Liquids: Potential Impact on U.S. Coal Reserves](https://peakoil.net/publications/coal-to-liquids-potential-impact-on-u-s-coal-reserves/): Publication date: 2009-06-01 First Published: Natural Resources Research Authors: R.C. Milici Abstract: The production of liquid fuels from coal will very likely become an important part of the hydrocarbon energy mix of the future, provided that technical and environmental obstacles are overcome economically. The coal industry should be able to handle a coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry of modest size, using 60–70 million short tons or 54–64 million metric tons of coal per annum, without premature depletion of the country’s coal reserves. However, attempts to use CTL technology to replace all petroleum imports would deplete the nation’s coal reserves by the end [&hellip;]
- [Depletion and the future availability of petroleum resources](https://peakoil.net/publications/depletion-and-the-future-availability-of-petroleum-resources/): Publication date: 2009-01-01 First Published in: Energy Journal Authors: R.F. Aguilera et al. Abstract: This study assesses the threat that depletion poses to the availability of petroleum resources. It does so by estimating cumulative availability curves for conventional petroleum (oil, gas, and natural gas liquids) and three unconventional sources of liquids (heavy oil, oil sands, and oil shale). The analysis extends the important study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (2000) on this topic by taking account of (1) conventional petroleum resources from provinces not assessed by the Survey and other organizations, (2) future reserve growth, (3) unconventional sources of [&hellip;]
- [Potential for Coal-to-Liquids Conversion in the U.S. - Resource Base](https://peakoil.net/publications/potential-for-coal-to-liquids-conversion-in-the-u-s-resource-base/): Publication date: 2009-05-22 First published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: G.D. Croft, T.W. Patzek Abstract: By applying the multi-Hubbert curve analysis to coal production in the United States, we demonstrate that anthracite production can be modeled with a single Hubbert curve that extends to the practical end of commercial production of this highest-rank coal. The production of bituminous coal from existing mines is about 80% complete and can be carried out at the current rate for the next 20 years. The production of subbituminous coal from existing mines can be carried out at the current rate for 40–45 years. Significant [&hellip;]
- [Giant oil field decline rates and their influence on world oil production](https://peakoil.net/publications/giant-oil-field-decline-rates-and-their-influence-on-world-oil-production/): Publication date: 2009-03-19 First published in: Energy Policy Authors: M. Höök et al Abstract: The most important contributors to the world’s total oil production are the giant oil fields. By using a comprehensive database of the giant oil field production, the average decline rates of the world’s giant oil fields are estimated. Separating subclasses was necessary, since there are significant differences between land and offshore fields, as well as between non-OPEC and OPEC fields. The evolution of decline rates over past decades includes the impact of new technologies and production techniques and shows that the average decline rate for individual [&hellip;]
- [Beyond Peak Oil in Post Globalization Civilization Clash](https://peakoil.net/publications/beyond-peak-oil-in-post-globalization-civilization-clash/): Publication date: 2008-10-01 First published in: The Open Geography Journal Authors: J. Leigh Abstract: Oil has stoked the industrial society for the last century as the cheap energy source. However, ominous signs of oil depletion, in fulfillment of M. King Hubbert&#8217;s “Peak Oil” theory, may be eerily encroaching upon us and may portend “The Olduvai Theory&#8217;s” dramatic consequences. The implications of dwindling cheap oil supplies are catastrophic for maintaining industrial societies&#8217; economic development. Also, the anticipated economic development of the less developed countries would be critically threatened without cheap oil. These less developed countries have already set their will towards [&hellip;]
- [A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-review-on-coal-to-liquid-fuels-and-its-coal-consumption/): Publication date: 2009-07-29 First published in International Journal of Energy Research Authors: M. Höök, K. Aleklett Abstract: Continued reliance on oil is unsustainable, and this has resulted in interest in alternative fuels. Coal-to-liquids (CTL) can supply liquid fuels and have been successfully used in several cases, particularly in South Africa. This article reviews CTL theory and technology. Understanding the fundamental aspects of coal liquefaction technologies is vital for planning and policy-making, as future CTL systems will be integrated into a much larger global energy and fuel utilization system. Conversion ratios for CTL are estimated to be between 1 and 2 [&hellip;]
- [Drilling, alternative fuels and efficiency: Can the United States wean itself from imported oil?](https://peakoil.net/publications/drilling-alternative-fuels-and-efficiency-can-the-united-states-wean-itself-from-import/): Publication date: 2009-04-01 First published in: Energy Policy Authors: P. Fairey Abstract: Perhaps the most daunting challenge the next generation of Americans will face is what President Bush called our “addiction to oil.” The challenge is to find the means to provide for our transportation needs in the face of declining world oil production. Perhaps the central question is whether we will export the great wealth of America to foreign countries in payment for oil before we tackle the grand challenge of creating a new transportation future that does not rely completely on oil. This article presents the historical facts [&hellip;]
- [Capturing latecomer advantages in the adoption of biofuels: The case of Argentina](https://peakoil.net/publications/capturing-latecomer-advantages-in-the-adoption-of-biofuels-the-case-of-argentina/): Publication date: 2009-01-01 First Published In: Energy Policy Authors: J.A. Mathews, H. Goldsztein Abstract: Although Argentina came late to the biofuels revolution, a series of measures taken recently at federal and provincial government level have created new opportunities. New federal laws on biofuels promotion have sparked an investment boom. The main activity has been in the biodiesel sector—partly because diesel is the dominant fuel sector in Argentina, and partly because the country had already engineered a soy revolution over the past 15 years, becoming the world&#8217;s largest exporter of soy oil and soy meal. Biodiesel allows this revolution to be [&hellip;]
- [Cantarell Is Not Mexico’s Only Oil Production Problem](https://peakoil.net/publications/cantarell-is-not-mexico-s-only-oil-production-problem/): Publication date: 2008-08-01 First Published In: Pipeline &amp; Gas Journal Authors: Jude Clemente Abstract: 1.5 million barrels per day (bpd), oil from Mexico comprises about 11% of U.S. imports. As a top-three supplier to the U.S., Mexico has been a consistent and reliable source of oil for years. In the first half of this decade, that role increased even further as growing U.S. demand was met with rising Mexican production. Since 2005, however, it has been increasingly apparent that Mexico’s largest oil field – Cantarell – is in irreversible decline. Cantarell accounts for 26% of Mexico’s proven reserves and provides [&hellip;]
- [Long term prediction of unconventional oil production](https://peakoil.net/publications/long-term-prediction-of-unconventional-oil-production/): Publication date: 2010-01-01 First Published in: Energy Policy Authors: S.H. Mohr, G.M. Evans Abstract: Although considerable discussion surrounds unconventional oil&#8217;s ability to mitigate the effects of peaking conventional oil production, very few models of unconventional oil production exist. The aim of this article was to project unconventional oil production to determine how significant its production may be. Two models were developed to predict the unconventional oil production, one model for in situ production and the other for mining the resources. Unconventional oil production is anticipated to reach between 18 and 32 Gb/y (49–88 Mb/d) in 2076–2084, before declining. If conventional [&hellip;]
- [Development challenges under the Clean Development Mechanism: Can renewable energy initiatives be put in place before peak oil?](https://peakoil.net/publications/development-challenges-under-the-clean-development-mechanism-can-renewable-energy-initi/): Publication date: 2009-01-01 First published in: Energy Policy Authors: B. Lloyd, S. Subbarao Abstract: The “Sustainable Development” aspect of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is examined, about its current impact on crucial developmental issues. The paper discusses the immediate and urgent global concerns of developmental needs, energy, and climate change while highlighting their influence on the poor in the developing world. The global responses to address the above concerns regarding renewable energy technologies, policies, and strategies that can be instrumental in addressing the issues are discussed, with the main emphasis on the CDM under the Kyoto [&hellip;]
- [Crude oil reserve estimation: An application of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model](https://peakoil.net/publications/crude-oil-reserve-estimation-an-application-of-the-autoregressive-integrated-moving-ave/): Publication date: 1992-07-01 First published in: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering Authors: B.J. Ayeni, R. Pilat Abstract: The oil industry has used decline curve analysis with limited success in estimating crude oil reserves and in predicting future behavior of oil and gas wells. This paper, therefore, explores the possibility of using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique in forecasting and estimating crude oil reserves. The authors compare this approach with the traditional decline method using real oil production data from twelve (12) oil wells in South Louisiana. The Box and Jenkins methodology is used to develop forecast functions [&hellip;]
- [An assessment of oil supply and its implications for future prices](https://peakoil.net/publications/an-assessment-of-oil-supply-and-its-implications-for-future-prices/): Publication date: 1998-06-01 First Published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: D.J. Santini Abstract: This paper examines three issues related to both the U.S. and world oil supply: (1) the nature of the long-term, post-peak production profile for the U.S. and, by inference, other regions (the Hubbert curve is used as a “strawman” model); (2) implications for U.S. energy security of using a modified Hubbert-type conceptual model of pre-peak production, testing the adequacy of Latin America to be the primary source of U.S. oil imports; and (3) the cyclic behavior of oil prices. It shows that U.S. production will exhibit a [&hellip;]
- [Global energy crunch: How different parts of the world would react to a peak oil scenario](https://peakoil.net/publications/global-energy-crunch/): Publication date: 2010-04-27 First published in: Energy Policy Authors: J. Friedrichs Abstract: Peak oil theory predicts that oil production will soon start a terminal decline. Most authors imply that no adequate alternate resource and technology will be available to replace oil as the backbone resource of industrial society. This article uses historical cases from countries that have gone through a similar experience as the best available analytical strategy to understand what will happen if the predictions of peak oil theorists are right. The author is not committed to a particular version of peak oil theory but deems the issue important [&hellip;]
- [The Modeling of World Oil Production Using Sigmoidal Functions (Update 2010)](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-modeling-of-world-oil-production-using-sigmoidal-functions-update-2010/): Publication date: 2011-04-25 First Published in: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy Authors: W.B. Carlson Abstract: The depletion of the world oil resource based upon the logistic function has been updated and fitted to the recent history of oil production. The analysis uses data from the year 2009 and further introduces the asymmetric Gompertz function to account for additional oil resources. Results of these calculations depict a range of production rates under different resource limits. The characteristic curvature coefficients and the peak years of production are fitted to United States Geological Survey estimates of ultimately recoverable resource (URR) [&hellip;]
- [A Depletion Protocol for Non-Renewable Natural Resources: Australia as an Example](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-depletion-protocol-for-non-renewable-natural-resources-australia-as-an-example/): Publication date: 2006-09-01 First Published in: Natural Resources Research Authors: A.A. Bartlett Abstract: This paper examines the implications of statements by Australia’s Minister for Resources that Australia’s exports of coal are growing rapidly and that Australia’s coal will last “110 years at current rates of production.” If one assumes that coal production P(t), follows a Gaussian curve (similar to a Hubbert curve) one can construct a family of Gaussian curves showing possible future paths of P(t) which are consistent with the cited “110 years.” Each curve reaches a maximum after which P(t) declines toward zero. Knowledge of the present value [&hellip;]
- [A regional logistic function model for crude oil production](https://peakoil.net/publications/a-regional-logistic-function-model-for-crude-oil-production/): Publication date: 1984-07-01 First Published in: Energy Authors: D.G. Hotard, J.H. Ristroph Abstract: The logistic function has been used to describe the discovery and production of oil and natural gas at the national level. This type of functional representation provides a direct approach for estimating the available supply of the resource and the time at which that supply will be essentially depleted. The mathematical characteristics of the function imply restrictions, which are not necessarily applicable to natural resource production patterns. We examine these restrictions in the context of crude-oil production at a regional level. We attempt to show that statistical [&hellip;]
- [Simon Ratcliffe](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/simon-ratcliffe/): Until recently Simon was a senior strategic planner and management consultant with over 20 years analytical and transformational experience in both the private and public sectors focussed on energy. He spearheaded the establishment of ASPO in South Africa based on his research into peak oil and climate change. He has just moved to the UK to take up and Energy Advisor position with the Department for International Development. He is a committed team leader with a high level of professional integrity. Within ASPO South Africa he has undertaken some strategic projects putting peak oil into the heart of national strategic [&hellip;]
- [IEA: The age of cheap energy is over](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/iea-the-age-of-cheap-energy-is-over/): The Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA) has warned that curbing rising fossil fuel prices will require significant investments and further development and deployment of renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency, and advanced vehicles. Nobuo Tanaka noted that the renewed debate on nuclear energy could have an impact, not only on climate change but also energy security. “The age of cheap energy is over,” Mr. Tanaka said, speaking at the Bridge Forum Dialogue in Luxembourg on 13 April 2011. “The only question now is, will the extra rent from dearer energy go to an ever smaller circle of producers, [&hellip;]
- [A Dark Warning on Global Oil Demand](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/a-dark-warning-on-global-oil-demand/): Many top corporate and political figures gathered in Houston on Tuesday for the annual CeraWeek conference on the outlook for energy, and they got an earful from John B. Hess, chairman and chief executive of the Hess Corporation. “An energy crisis is coming, likely to be triggered by oil,” he predicted. “Demand is expected to grow on an annual basis by at least one million barrels per day, driven by the developing economies of the world and by growth in transportation as we go from one billion cars today to two billion cars in 2050.” The problem, he said, is [&hellip;]
- [WikiLeaks: Saudi Arabias oil reserves exaggerated](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/wikileaks-saudi-arabias-oil-reserves-exaggerated/): The US fears that Saudi Arabia, the world&#8217;s largest crude oil exporter, may not have enough reserves to prevent oil prices escalating, confidential cables from its embassy in Riyadh show. The cables, released by WikiLeaks, urge Washington to take seriously a warning from a senior Saudi government oil executive that the kingdom&#8217;s crude oil reserves may have been overstated by as much as 300bn barrels – nearly 40%. It also reported major project delays and accidents as &#8220;evidence that the Saudi Aramco is having to run harder to stay in place – to replace the decline in existing production.&#8221; While [&hellip;]
- [Why Oil Mixes With Gold](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/why-oil-mixes-with-gold/): Brian Cohen, an investment fund analyst, has examined the connection between oil and gold and how this may affect the world. Considerably higher oil prices are coming to the world at the worst possible time. Not only is the world far from being ready with oil alternatives when demand is on the brink of surpassing production, but this is happening at a time when the world economy is in danger of implosion caused by massive debts. The perilous fiscal situations around the globe make it even tougher to make the right long-term decisions surrounding energy. Read the full article here: [&hellip;]
- [IEA sounds oil price alarm](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/iea-sounds-oil-price-alarm/): IEA executive director Tanaka told reporters on the sidelines of an industry conference that Opec &#8220;needs to show more flexibility&#8221; in increasing oil production according to Reuters. &#8220;If the current price continues, it will have a negative impact,&#8221; he said. Oil hit a record $147 a barrel in 2008, and there are fears that prices could rise significantly above $100 if Opec does not signal its intent to lift supplies. Nonetheless, United Arab Emirates Oil Minister Mohammed Al-Hamli downplayed the IEA’s concerns, saying that fluctuating oil prices were not a cause for concern. &#8220;The price keeps going up and down, [&hellip;]
- [At the base of Hubbert’s Peak: Grounding the debate on petroleum scarcity](https://peakoil.net/publications/at-the-base-of-hubbert-s-peak-grounding-the-debate-on-petroleum-scarcity-0/): Publication date: 2010-03-03 First published in: Geoforum Authors: E. Hemmingsen Abstract: M. King Hubbert’s 1956 prediction of a ‘peak’ in US oil production has spurred a durable and divisive debate on the exhaustion of the petroleum resource. Pitting physical against economic explanations of resource scarcity, the peak oil debate has seemingly sunk into the well-worn grooves of a long history of scarcity debates. As this paper argues, this ‘stale dichotomy’ can partly be attributed to a severance from the contexts and ideas that informed Hubbert’s mathematical calculations. Specifically, this paper examines the broader influences on the peak oil model: Hubbert’s [&hellip;]
- [EU energy chief: Worldwide oil availability has peaked](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/eu-energy-chief-worldwide-oil-availability-has-peaked/): The availability of oil worldwide has already peaked, the European Union&#8217;s energy chief Guenther Oettinger said on Wednesday. &#8220;My fear is that the global consumption of oil is going to increase, but European oil consumption has already reached its peak. The amount of oil available globally, I think, has already peaked,&#8221; Oettinger told a news briefing in Brussels. He was presenting a new EU energy strategy for investing 1 trillion euros over the next decade in a common EU energy network, to curb the bloc&#8217;s dependence on fossil fuel imports. Source: Reuters
- [USGS: Alaska's untapped oil reserves estimate lowered by about 90 percent](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/usgs-alaskas-untapped-oil-reserves-estimate-lowered-by-about-90-percent-2/): The U.S. Geological Survey says a revised estimate for the amount of conventional, undiscovered oil in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska is a fraction of a previous estimate. The group estimates about 896 million barrels of such oil are in reserve, about 90 percent less than a 2002 estimate of 10.6 billion barrels. The new estimate is mainly due to the incorporation of new data from recent exploration drilling revealing gas occurrence rather than oil in much of the area, the geological survey said. &#8220;These new findings underscore the challenge of predicting whether oil or gas will be found [&hellip;]
- [New Zealand parliament report: The next oil shock?](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/new-zealand-parliament-report-the-next-oil-shock/): On 13 October 2010, the New Zealand Parliament released a research report entitled &#8220;The next oil shock?&#8221; dealing with peak oil and future supply for the world. Some key aspects of this paper concluded that &#8220;Low-cost reserves of oil are rapidly exhausted, forcing oil companies to turn to more expensive sources of oil. This replacement of cheap sources of oil with higher cost sources is driving the price of oil higher&#8221; and that &#8220;there is a risk that the world economy may be at the start of a cycle of supply crunches leading to price spikes and recessions, followed by [&hellip;]
- [The Olduvai Theory: Sliding Towards a Post-Industrial Stone Age](https://peakoil.net/publications/the-olduvai-theory-sliding-towards-a-post-industrial-stone-age/): Publication date: 1996-06-27 First published in: Institute on Energy and Man Authors: R.C. Duncan Attachment: The olduvai theory sliding towards a post indus. stone age.doc 136 KB  
- [Schlumberger: "The World will need higher prices, more investment to meet oil demand."](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/schlumberger-world-will-need-higher-prices-more-investment-to-meet-oil-demand/): Speaking at the Barclays Capital conference in New York Andrew Gould, chief executive of oilfield services giant Schlumberger said that if the world is to have any chance of meeting aggressive demand growth for energy in the years to come it will require a massive investment by oil companies and a need for ever more advanced technology. Gould also said that right now the world is still enjoying a sufficient supply of oil discovered back in the years following the price spike of the early 1980s. Sluggish investment in the 1990s and 2000s has only begun to be ameliorated by [&hellip;]
- [Value of Rig Matting in the Oil Industry](https://peakoil.net/technology/value-of-rig-matting-in-oil-industry/): The oil industry runs our world. We use oil to power cars, cook food, and create plastic; it is a vital commodity. Oil rigging has a reputation of being not only damaging to the environment but also being a dangerous business to work in. Rig matting can help to change this.  What is rig matting? “Rig mat” refers to all access mat designs used for oil rigging. You may have also heard rig mats referred to as access mats, timber mats, construction mats, mud mats, oil field mats, rubber mats, crane mats, heavy equipment mats, or portable roadways. Access mats, [&hellip;]
- [How to balance impact and opportunity with green technology investments](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-to-balance-impact-and-opportunity-with-green-technology-investments/): Innovations such as renewable energy, electric vehicles, and green chemistry are vital in reaching sustainability targets and halting the impact of climate change. From small niches, they have matured into stable markets that play a more significant role in daily life and are adopted on a massive scale, so it comes as no surprise that green technology is now a lucrative investment sector.  Also known as clean technology investing, green technology investing implies selecting those companies that have a sustainable business model, low environmental impact, and generally offer eco-friendly products and services. On a global scale, green investing is turning into a [&hellip;]
- [Print on Demand Services: Ways to Build a Sustainable Business Solution](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/print-on-demand-services-ways-to-build-a-sustainable-business-solution/): &#8220;We cannot hope to create a sustainable culture with any but sustainable souls.&#8221; &#8211; Derrick Jensen, Endgame, Vol. 1: The Problem of Civilization Are you a business owner? Or, are you perhaps responsible for managing technology and printing services for your employer? The harsh reality is that the business organizational unit, irrespective of age, size, or the number of employees, must start considering sustainable business solutions like print-on-demand printing services. Why? By way of answering the &#8220;why&#8221; question, let&#8217;s look at what a sustainable business solution is and how to ensure that your business processes include environmentally friendly or sustainable [&hellip;]
- [Climate Change: The Burden of Proof](https://peakoil.net/environment/climate-change-burden-of-proof/): We are still far from agreement or unanimity when it comes to climate change. For years, scientists and environmental groups have been bringing to important light information regarding the changes that will take place in the future if we continue on our current trajectory. This information is commonly treated as a prophecy, not something based in fact, but an idea of what could happen. The latest reports have brought the effects of climate change to the near future rather than a date off in the distance. By 2030, we can expect temperatures to have risen by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit. Despite [&hellip;]
- [7 Reasons Why Great Green Office Furniture Increase Productivity](https://peakoil.net/blog/why-green-office-furniture-increase-productivity/): You may not realize this, but furniture plays a significant role in boosting productivity in your workplace. By installing great furniture in your office, you can take your productivity to the next level. You will often see offices opting for a complete makeover. It’s because they want to make the workplace attractive and engaging. Speaking of furniture, you can check out the lovely sofa sets here for your green office. How Great Green Office Furniture Boosts Your Productivity? Here are some of the ways through which great green furniture helps increase your productivity in your workplace. 1. Vibrant colors give [&hellip;]
- [What Role Does Diet Play in Climate Change?](https://peakoil.net/blog/what-role-does-diet-play-in-climate-change/): Climate change and diet are beginning to have a recognisable link, with many people changing what they eat as a result. But what exact role does diet play in climate change? Is eating meat as disastrous as it sounds? Or, should we be focusing our efforts elsewhere? Plus, if you’re not a fan of the idea of being vegan, there are plenty of other surprising diet alternatives.  Diet vs Driving and Other High-Emission Activities  It’s hard to believe that anything could be more damaging to the environment than cars. The Guardian, in particular, takes a strict stance on this, saying [&hellip;]
- [Jacob Gitman on Climate Change and the Need for Renewable Energy](https://peakoil.net/renewable/jacob-gitman-climate-change-need-for-renewable-energy/): Many people are unaware or unwilling to accept the fact that climate change is making an irreversible impact on planet Earth. According to NASA, the global temperature has risen by 1.9 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. It may seem like negligible temperature rise, but it has caused changes in weather patterns and caused ocean levels to rise. The Arctic ice minimum has shrunk by 12.8 percent each decade, causing a massive impact on animals and ecosystems. The proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased to 412 parts per billion, the highest level in 650,000 years. Jacob Gitman, a scientist, [&hellip;]
- [Top UK Renewable Energy Suppliers](https://peakoil.net/blog/top-uk-renewable-energy-suppliers/): We all know it; the time to transition to renewable energy is now. There is no avoiding the fact that we are heading towards a cliff if we don’t start living more sustainably. Many new businesses know and work on the issues of energy sustainability and climate change since the 1990s. To break free from the chains of fossil fuels, we need options. We need energy that works for us. Luckily, businesses that are popping up to meet this demand, and many of them are recognized for being socially and environmentally conscious. Below are a few of them. The Big [&hellip;]
- [How to Build Social Proof on Instagram](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-to-build-social-proof-on-instagram/): Are you looking to improve your Instagram presence? You need to build up more social proof. It is a phrase used to describe the belief that consumers have in your account. If you have social proof, it means your brand is seen as credible, entertaining, and worthwhile on the platform.  There are many strategies for building social proof with your Instagram account. Savvy Instagrammers will adopt multiple methods and put in the hard work to get the attention they deserve on the platform. Here are some of the best ways to help you begin. Gain More Likes and Followers The most effective [&hellip;]
- [Rusty Tweed Discusses The Value of Solar Power](https://peakoil.net/renewable/rusty-tweed-value-of-solar-power/): According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, about a third of the energy being generated worldwide is through renewables. IRENA also states that 84 percent of the new renewable energy facilities that are coming online worldwide are either solar or wind installations or a combination thereof.  Rusty Tweed, an entrepreneur from San Marino, California, sees the value in using solar energy. He has formed partnerships with players in the Hawaiian public and private sector to create a 93-kilowatt solar panel installation at the Kukui Center, a shelter for abused children. The center is now totally energy independent. He is seeking partnerships [&hellip;]
- [We Need a Safe Environment for All  2-Legged and 4-Legged Creatures](https://peakoil.net/environment/safe-2-legged-4-legged-creatures/): There should be a delicate balance between ecological improvements and the protection of people and animals from diseases and unwanted parasites. In an ideal world, people and businesses should strive to create an equilibrium between ecological improvements and a safe environment for our 2-legged and 4-legged creatures. There should also be an understanding of the limits of SMEs when we face the challenge of making ecological improvements. Rabies and Other Diseases Rabies You wouldn’t think dog-bite lawyers would be so necessary in Canada. However, you are at risk of injury from dogs who may be distressed, poorly trained, or may even have [&hellip;]
- [How To Save On Your Business Energy Costs](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-to-save-business-energy-costs/): Smart business owners realize that they need to be continually cutting operational costs if they’re to endure for long in a competitive marketplace. Reducing your energy consumption is no easy feat in this day and age of digital devices. Furthermore, ever-changing government regulations can make it downright impossible for many business owners to make smart investments with the long-term future in mind. Luckily, with some proper guidance, you can be saving huge sums of cash through the adequate monitoring and cutting back of your energy usage. Here’s how to save on your business energy costs, and why going green will [&hellip;]
- [Discover How to Make Your Restaurant Business More Sustainable](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/discover-how-to-make-your-restaurant-business-more-sustainable/): Businesses in the restaurant industry are making incredible efforts to become eco-friendly and, given the ever-increasing energy costs and the declining availability of renewable natural resources, this is a good thing. Conservation is not an obstacle nor a nuisance. On the contrary, there are several benefits to going green, such as reducing harmful waste and minimizing the environmental footprint. The restaurant industry is quite versatile, which means that you can make your business more sustainable. This is what you can do to increase efficiency and conservation. Cook with the Seasons If you want to get the best value for your [&hellip;]
- [US Standard Products Explain How the Latest Eco-Friendly Products are Helping the Environment](https://peakoil.net/environment/us-standard-products-eco-friendly/): When consumers are looking for a way to contribute positively to the environment, buying eco-friendly products is a great choice. Eco-friendly products use fewer resources and have sustainable components, meaning that they have less of an impact on the environment than their non-eco-friendly competitors. Different ways of making a product eco-friendly include changing its formulation to make it safer for the environment, changing the manufacturing process to produce less waste, encouraging the use of less energy in manufacturing, and altering the components that go into the finished product. Technological products should also be used with care, considering the potential for [&hellip;]
- [How to Open a Green Energy Company in the Netherlands](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-to-open-green-energy-company-in-netherlands/): The attention to environmental problems and climate change is present around the world, probably with few exceptions. The Netherlands is home to numerous businesses and large companies, that cares about the environment. Foreign investors are extremely attracted to the sector. Such a company can be quickly established in the Netherlands, respecting a few necessary and essential steps. A Dutch BV Company Can be the Proper Option for Foreigners The private limited liability company is known as Dutch BV, or &#8220;Besloten Vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid,&#8221; the most used type of company. The incorporation is quite simple, and it starts with the [&hellip;]
- [Dan Stammen Details the Ways Global Warming is Impacting Natural Disasters](https://peakoil.net/environment/dan-stammen-details-the-ways-global-warming-is-impacting-natural-disasters/): While many people do not believe that climate change is responsible for the increased number of severe natural disasters that have been experienced over the past several years, climate scientists know better. The sharp rise in global air and ocean temperatures have already made an outsized impact on the natural world. Dan Stammen, an entrepreneur that is conscious about the environment, explains how climate change caused by human activity has caused outbreaks of severe weather and other natural disasters. Global Temperatures are Rising Global temperatures are on the rise, with 2018 being the hottest year on record. Since 1880, the [&hellip;]
- [Rusty Tweed Demonstrates How Renewable Energy Can Be a Viable Business Model](https://peakoil.net/renewable/rusty-tweed-demonstrates-how-renewable-energy-can-be-a-viable-business-model/): Today, we are being warned that the costs of global warming will rise into the billions of dollars over the next twenty years. Global temperatures will rise, and sea levels will rise with them. While we can’t turn back the clock on global warming, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and waterpower can help stem the tide of environmental damage. The Rusty Tweed Solar Project has made changing the public’s mind about solar energy its mission. Tweed started his solar project with the Kukui Center, a community development center serving underprivileged children and families in Honolulu, Hawaii. Through the addition [&hellip;]
- [Grassroots Environmentalists: 3 Tips To Effectively Spread Your Message](https://peakoil.net/environment/grassroots-environmentalists-tips-spread-message/): 3 Tips For Furthering a Grassroots Environmentalist Movement If you’re part of a grassroots movement to educate people about preserving the environment, you’re probably using social media to reach as many people as possible. While social media is a fantastic resource for raising awareness, the effects can be fleeting if your efforts aren’t backed by a solid strategy. A strategy is more than a checklist of tasks. If you want to reach people so they’ll remember your message, you have to leave an emotional impression on them. Here are some tips to make that happen: 1. Show people how deeply [&hellip;]
- [Here’s How Businesses Can Sell on Instagram](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-businesses-sell-on-instagram/): There’s no arguing that Instagram is a prolific tool for marketing. With more than a billion active users, you have an incredible opportunity to reach a targeted audience and increase brand awareness. But thanks to recent updates, you can now do far more than just spread the good word about your business. You can also sell your products straight from the platform. This feature is powerful because it increases the likelihood of impulse purchases. The average consumer spends nearly $5,500 per year on impulse purchases. If you give them the option to purchase a product on the same page as [&hellip;]
- [Could Mining Ever Become Friendly To The Environment And Our Health?](https://peakoil.net/environment/eco-friendly-mining/): Traditional mining methods cause severe damage to both the environment and our health; they release toxic materials into the earth’s soil and water which leads to deforestation and contamination. However, with the advent of new mining tools, regulation and legislation, significant efforts are being made to make mining more environmentally friendly. We’re going to explore those very efforts, as we pose the question: could mining ever become eco-friendly to the environment and our health? Recycling Old Mining Materials Mining affects the environment in a variety of ways, especially in its natural decaying and eroding processes, after a specific area has [&hellip;]
- [How Might Small Businesses Champion Renewable Energy?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-might-small-businesses-champion-renewable-energy/): Renewable energy has become a common practice within businesses due to falling costs and improved technology making this environmentally friendly solution more affordable for everyone. The news highlights multinational companies as those most commonly concerned with the environment, but, it’s possible for small enterprises in the UK to achieve 100% renewable energy too. Generating clean energy, which is derived from the earth’s natural resources, is gaining popularity with 29.3% of total electricity generated by renewable energy sources in 2017. The use of renewables has trebled since 2010 and will continue to increase. The Guardian even named the UK climate as [&hellip;]
- [How Technology is Shaping the Future Education System](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-technology-is-shaping-the-future-education-system/): Education suffered many changes in the past few years considering the latest advancements regarding tech. Since tech emerged in people’s lives in all sectors and activities, it was just a matter of time until it influenced the learning environment entirely. The many influences that tech had on the learning environment were mostly positive, the downsides being outperformed by the benefits they had. The world that the society lives in at the moment relies on technology in most situations, from mobile phones used daily with all sorts of purposes to the growth of social media and its power. Learning in the [&hellip;]
- [Can the Cab Industry be Greener?](https://peakoil.net/environment/can-the-cab-industry-be-greener/): As we continue to look for ways to reduce pollution in our cities, taxi companies have become a target for improvement. With thousands of diesel vehicles currently polluting London and major cities, it’s only sensible that the government looks to improve the industry’s eco-credentials. The process of making the cab industry greener has already begun, and since the beginning of 2018, all newly licensed taxis in London must be “zero emissions capable.” Although this is undoubtedly a great initiative, can anything else be done to make the cab industry greener? The London Electric Vehicle Company In late 2017, the maker [&hellip;]
- [How Might Brexit Affect the Energy Sector’s Workforce?](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-might-brexit-affect-the-energy-sectors-workforce/): Unless Article 50 is revoked in the coming months, the UK will have left the EU by the end of March 2019, and the full effect of Brexit will be in operation. There are many hopes and fears about what this could entail for pretty much every industry across the UK, with a lot of businesses preparing in the run-up. For the energy sector and its large workforce, including plenty of foreign nationals, this is a big concern. Impact on the Energy Sector A lot of research and speculation has been conducted into the potential impact of Brexit on the [&hellip;]
- [How Tech is Helping Parcel Delivery Go Green](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-tech-is-helping-parcel-delivery-go-green/): Processes are being streamlined and made easier, thanks to the ever-changing tech landscape. With innovations such as dedicated apps and mobile devices, Bluetooth connectivity and voice search, businesses are able to access new technology and embrace the fluidity it brings. Along with creating smoother processes, advancements in tech can help to make industries environmentally friendly. One sector, in particular, that are becoming more tech-savvy, and increasingly eco-conscious as a result is package delivery and logistics. Courier services are smarter and more efficient than ever before. Here’s a look at the technology that’s making a difference to how green parcel delivery [&hellip;]
- [Current Technologies Revolutionising the Hydrocarbon Industry](https://peakoil.net/technology/current-technologies-revolutionising-hydrocarbon-industry/): It often seems that a lot of the innovation going on in the energy sector takes place in the renewable energy sector. Yet gas and oil are still being mined and helping to fuel the world, searching for its own ways to improve through the use of technology. From remote telemetry unit (RTU) implementation to embracing digital technologies having an impact on other sectors, there are some of the new technologies changing the hydrocarbon industry. Pipeline Expansions Some of the biggest news stories surrounding the hydrocarbon industry in September 2018 included a range of mergers. For example, Canada-based investment company [&hellip;]
- [Do Fluctuating Oil Prices Affect the Cost of Business Electricity on a Monthly Basis?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/fluctuating-oil-prices-affect-cost-of-business-electricity/): The fluctuating cost of business electricity can prove to be both confusing and frustrating. Some months your bill is down, then others it’s up. So, what causes these price fluctuations and are there ways to prevent them? Here, we’ll look at how the price of oil can impact the cost of business electricity and other factors which may affect your bill. Do oil prices impact your electricity bill? The fluctuating cost of oil can impact your electricity bill. However, unless your business fully relies upon oil to heat it up, the effect may not be as significant as you think. [&hellip;]
- [Top 5 Ways Apps Help For Green Living](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/top-ways-apps-help-for-green-living/): In a lot of ways, smartphones have made our lives so much easier. From getting in touch with our loved ones to paying for our groceries, smartphones have made us more organized and more productive. Nearly everything can be done through a smartphone app. Some apps have even made it possible to increase people’s awareness for environmental concerns and encourage a more sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle. To help you see and realize how apps do indeed possess the ‘power,’ so to speak, to enable people to live a cleaner and greener lifestyle, here are the top five enumerated ways that [&hellip;]
- [Understanding the Harmful Effects of Smoke Damage](https://peakoil.net/blog/understanding-harmful-effects-of-smoke-damage/): If you think fire is dangerous, you need to think again. Did you know that it is the smoke that is the leading cause of death during a fire, rather than the flames? Exceeding burns by a three to one ratio, asphyxiation, the state of being deprived of oxygen, resulting in suffocation and unconsciousness, is the leading cause of fire deaths. When a property is on fire, gases are produced that can cause the people in the building to feel disoriented and drowsy. They would then have a hard time keeping themselves awake. If the exposure to smoke persists for [&hellip;]
- [How Entrepreneurs Are Creating A Greener Wedding Industry](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-entrepreneurs-creating-greener-wedding-industry/): Turning White Weddings Green: A Sustainable Approach The average American wedding costs over $30,000 to put on, from dresses and rings to the venue and cake. But while the big bill is technically optional, very few people successfully manage to host a wedding that minimizes waste – no matter how eco-friendly they purport to be. That may all be changing, though, as entrepreneurs commit themselves to create a greener wedding industry. Throwing a green wedding demands that hosts and planners make lots of small, sustainable decisions, but business owners are making sure that it’s finally a viable choice. These four [&hellip;]
- [As Interest In Tiny Homes Grows, Shrinking Their Environmental Footprint](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/interest-in-tiny-homes-grows-shrinking-environmental-footprint/): Why Tiny Homes For Rent Is The Key To Sustainability Rental properties have long offered foot-for-foot sustainability advantages, packing more people into less space and promoting a lower degree of waste than individual homes. But with the rise of the tiny house movement, are apartments still relevant? A combined model that allows residents to rent tiny homes may offer the greatest green potential. Tiny Home Basics For those interested in the tiny house movement, the first question is often, “just how tiny are they?” In general, a tiny home is a residence under 500 square feet, though many are under [&hellip;]
- [Environmental Sustainability and Integrity: What should your company focus on?](https://peakoil.net/environment/sustainability-integrity-company-focus/): Strong business principles are more than just providing excellent services or products to your targeted clientele range. Building a brand that has a positive impact on consumers should mean you are directing your attention towards aspects that might not exactly influence your profitability in any way. Environmental sustainability and integrity are things that today’s organizations are concerning themselves with, and considering the level of pollution the world&#8217;s is confronted with, it’s understandable why more industries are trying to have a role in helping the environment. However, greening up your company might not seem like an easy job, if you lack [&hellip;]
- [7 Steps to Optimize Your Travel for the Environment](https://peakoil.net/blog/steps-to-optimize-travel-for-environment/): 7 Strategies to Improve Your Travel’s Environmental Impact Traveling is an important part of life. You travel to get to work on a daily basis and to see your family and friends. You also travel to see new parts of the world and to gain new experiences. The problem is, many forms of travel, including driving a car or flying in a plane, can be destructive to the environment. Burning fuel produces carbon emissions, and puts strain on finite resources available to us. So what steps can you take to continue traveling freely, while also reducing the strain you put [&hellip;]
- [These Dangers To Our Ecosystem Are Hidden In Plain Sight](https://peakoil.net/environment/dangers-to-ecosystem-hidden-in-plain-sight/): Why Adopting A Plastic-Free Lifestyle Isn’t Enough When presented with the facts, most can agree that trash is a serious threat to our environment. However, facts about trash are shrouded in misunderstandings that make it seem like we’ve got it under control. We’ve been taught that everything we put in the recycle bin is recycled, compostable materials are better than plastic, and although it takes a long time, the trash in our landfills will eventually biodegrade. We’re repeatedly told the amount of time each material takes to break down, creating the assumption that biodegradable products are actually breaking down. Unfortunately, [&hellip;]
- [4 Eco-Friendly Boat Cleaning and Maintenance Tips](https://peakoil.net/environment/eco-friendly-boat-cleaning-maintenance-tips/): How to Clean and Maintain Your Boat in a Safe, Sustainable Manner As a boat owner, one of the biggest responsibilities you have is to maintain your vessel so that it’s safe and enjoyable to use during the spring and summer months. But to properly clean and maintain, you also need to make sure you’re being environmentally friendly. 4 Green Tips for Boat Owners Being a “green” boater isn’t something most people think about. You probably assume that since you’re doing the same things as everyone else, your boat cleaning and boat maintenance habits are safe and effective. But what [&hellip;]
- [Advanced Clean Vehicles FAQs](https://peakoil.net/technology/advanced-clean-vehicles-faqs/): When will advanced clean vehicle technologies be available to consumers? They&#8217;re on the road now! Two manufacturers currently offer hybrid-electric vehicles for sale or lease. Toyota offers the Prius, Yaris, Auris, and Honda offers both the two-seat Insight and a hybrid version of the popular Civic. Fully-electric vehicles are also available, such as Tesla Model X/S, BMW i3, Renault Fluence Z.E.,  Opel Ampera etc., though the major auto manufacturers are phasing full-electric cars out of production because they feel that they offer consumers limited driving range per charge, and that battery costs are still too high. Fuel cells are further [&hellip;]
- [Global Warming](https://peakoil.net/environment/global-warming/): No one knows the implications of global warming for sure. Global warming could lead to significantly raised sea levels, and flooding of some areas or even whole countries. Global warming could also lead to more significant weather extremes (storms and droughts). These outcomes could occur within our lifetimes. They could be happening already. Recent weather extremes all over the world such as devastating storms like Katrina might already be signs of global warming. The implications of global warming are hard to assess because our environment is changing all the time and some changes are cyclical. What appears to beyond doubt, [&hellip;]
- [Natural Gas Vehicles (CNG Cars) FAQs](https://peakoil.net/technology/natural-gas-vehicles-cng-cars-faqs/): Where does natural gas come from? Over 99% of the natural gas used in the U.S. comes from domestic or other North American sources. However, increasing demand for natural gas will require new supplies from non-North American countries, increasing our dependence on foreign sources. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) predicts that by 2025, more than 15% of the U.S.&#8217;s natural gas supplies will be provided from countries other than Canada and Mexico. Almost all of the today&#8217;s natural gas is fossil-based, non-renewable, and requires drilling and non-traditional extraction techniques that can be environmentally damaging. Biogas, or gas produced from plant [&hellip;]
- [How Natural Gas Works](https://peakoil.net/non-renewable/how-natural-gas-works/): Natural gas, called &#8220;the prince of hydrocarbons&#8221; by some, is an increasingly important fuel source in the world energy system. Easy to transport, easy to use, cheap and relatively clean, it is an excellent way to improve our energy system in the short run. While a vast improvement over coal and oil, it is not a sustainable solution to global warming, air pollution, and resource depletion. But advanced electric generation technology like combined-cycle gas turbines and fuel cells show that natural gas will be an essential way to reduce the environmental impacts of electricity. Formation, Discovery, and Production of Natural [&hellip;]
- [The Essential Pros and Cons of Hybrid Vehicles](https://peakoil.net/environment/pros-cons-hybrid-vehicles/): Ready to Buy a Hybrid? Check Out the Pros and Cons Hybrid vehicles were once unpopular. But now they’ve entered the mainstream and are fairly normal. Despite the wide acceptance of hybrids, they still aren’t as common on American roads as you might think. In 2016, just 2 percent of US auto sales were hybrids. That’s down from 3.1 percent in 2013. The decline is partly due to the rise of fully electric vehicles, as well as lower-than-average gasoline prices (which means lower demand for hybrids). It’s also possible that the small percentage of hybrids on American streets has something [&hellip;]
- [3 Tips for Removing Toxic Chemicals From Your Life](https://peakoil.net/environment/tips-removing-toxic-chemicals-from-life/): How to Reduce Your Daily Exposure to Toxic Chemicals Whether you know it or not, toxic chemicals are all around you. You might not consciously place yourself in harm’s way, but chances are good that you interact with less-than-safe products and substances on a daily basis. Knowing how to avoid them will help you stay safer and healthier. Toxic Chemicals: More Common Than Anyone Realizes “The United States permits more than 84,000 chemicals to be used in household products, cosmetics, food, and food packaging, and a majority of these have never been tested for safety,” Dr. Joseph Mercola explains. “More [&hellip;]
- [Effective Ways to Build a Sustainable Retail Business](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/effective-ways-to-build-a-sustainable-retail-business/): Some trends become popular while others fade away immediately. A trend for business sustainability has emerged, and it looks like it’s here to stay. The business and sustainability trend has arisen due to the increased public consciousness of environmental and social issues. Businesses are required to claim responsibility and embrace the challenge of sustainability. The main problem is that most businesses in the retail don’t take measures to ensure that they are friendly to the environment. Perhaps they lack an understanding of what sustainability means. Or maybe they find that the road to sustainability is difficult. What about you? What [&hellip;]
- [7 Easy Ways to Make Your New Business More Eco-Friendly](https://peakoil.net/environment/7-ways-to-make-business-more-eco-friendly/): 7 Strategies to Help Startups Become Eco-Friendly If you’re starting a new business, you’re probably more concerned with landing your first client or getting a steady stream of revenue than you are with making your business eco-friendly—but this is the best time to start making environmental improvements to your business model. There’s no time when your business will be more flexible than in its early stages, so if you want to establish environmentally conscious momentum, you’ll need to weave it into the fabric of your enterprise’s first steps. That said, you don’t want your green focus to eclipse your efforts [&hellip;]
- [6 Natural and Effective Ways to Keep Bugs Away](https://peakoil.net/blog/natural-effective-ways-to-keep-bugs-away/): Keep Bugs Away the Natural Way Ants, mosquitos, moths, flies&#8230; depending on where you live and what sort of climate is found there, you may encounter any or all of these pesky insects. And while you certainly want to keep them away, you don’t want to do so at the expense of contaminating your home with chemicals and toxins. The solution is to use natural insect killers and repellants. Try These 6 Natural Solutions You aren’t the first person to deal with insects inside your home. In fact, we all encounter insects from time to time. The difference is that [&hellip;]
- [In The Face Of Climate Change, Communication Must Evolve](https://peakoil.net/environment/face-climate-change-communication-must-evolve/): Disaster Communication: How Climate Change Made VoIP Necessary The environment is changing. After centuries of rhythmic cycling, the encroaching forces of climate change mean an increasing number of natural disasters and long periods of recovery. It’s not just that we’re seeing more disasters like hurricanes and tornados, but also that they’re touching new places, areas with no experience preparing for such events, and that’s changing how we think about disaster planning. And so we ask questions, such as “how do we transport food and water?” or “who will provide aid?” but we also ask, “how will we communicate when disaster [&hellip;]
- [5 Tips for Maintaining a Green Construction Site](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/tips-maintaining-green-construction-site/): How to Make a Construction Site Green? As the demand for green residential and commercial construction increases, it’s important to pause and discuss an aspect of the process that doesn’t get enough discussion: Construction site management. 5 Tips for Making a Construction Site Green So much time is spent discussing green building materials, high-efficiency appliances, and energy savings on monthly utility bills that we seem to forget that green construction starts from the ground up. These are the issues and elements we hear about and interact with, but the truth is that sustainable housing begins with the builders. And to [&hellip;]
- [Your Guide to Buying an Eco-Friendly Home](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/your-guide-to-buying-an-eco-friendly-home/): How to Make Sure Your Next House is an Eco-Friendly Home While a lot of homeowners are interested in building eco-friendly homes, there isn’t always a ton of existing inventory on the market. If you’re looking to purchase an existing home that’s energy efficient and green, you’ll have to be strategic with your search. 5 Tips for Finding an Eco-Friendly House The home construction industry is constantly evolving over time. As new materials and building practices emerge, best practices change and home quality improve. Over recent years, there’s been an increased emphasis on green construction. There’s even been a rise [&hellip;]
- [Why saving the environment became the main purpose of businesses?](https://peakoil.net/environment/why-saving-became-main-purpose-businesses/): You probably heard about all the fuss related to environmental issues during the past few years. Many celebrities and influential people started to focus their attention on the environmental impacts around the world, thus making their audience think about the consequences of their actions. Important highlights like deforestation, energy generation, water pollution and waste, the usage of plastic and other toxic materials became worrying signs for all people, reason why most businesses started to pay more attention to the environment. Today, business giants are working against environmental destruction by investing in certain sectors of their companies. Since big brands chose [&hellip;]
- [Are Travel and Tourism Environmentally Friendly?](https://peakoil.net/environment/travel-tourism-environmentally-friendly/): Is It Bad for the Environment to Travel? Almost everyone enjoys traveling. It’s a way to get away from your usual routine, see new natural (and manmade sights), and engage with and learn about an entirely new culture. But travel and tourism, in general, aren’t environmentally friendly; in addition to the massive fuel demands of most types of transportation, visiting natural areas could expose them to negative forms of interference, including wildlife disturbances, damage, and litter. So just how bad for the environment is traveling, and what are the alternatives? The Impact It’s hard to say precisely how much impact [&hellip;]
- [5 Alternative Transportation Methods That Are Greener Than Cars](https://peakoil.net/environment/alternative-transportation-methods-greener-than-cars/): Is it Time to Ditch Your Car for a More Eco-Friendly Option? The average American family owns 2.28 vehicles per household (and 35 percent own three or more). Unfortunately, most of these vehicles are still powered by gasoline combustion engines, which means our society continues to place a heavy burden on the environment. If you understand the variety of alternative options available to you, you might well select another form of transportation that is greener and more efficient. Five Alternative Forms of Transportation To put it simply: Cars are terrible for the environment. Before they even manage to get on [&hellip;]
- [4 Ways to Prepare Your Property for Natural Disasters](https://peakoil.net/environment/prepare-your-property-for-natural-disasters/): How to Protect Your Home Against Natural Disasters in an Unstable Environment As an American, your home is arguably the center of your entire life. Not only is it the most valuable asset you have, but it’s also the place where you’ve formed countless memories (and will hopefully forge many more). While you can’t prevent natural disasters from happening, you can take steps towards protecting your property. 4 Ways You Can Be Proactive Being proactive will get you a long way in life. When it comes to your property and the threat of natural disasters, the better prepared you are [&hellip;]
- [Sustainable Farming: A Matter Of Safety](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/sustainable-farming-a-matter-of-safety/): Cleaner, Safer, Smarter: The Case For Organic Farming Many people believe that while organic farming is preferable, it’s not an option if we’re going to feed large populations – when in fact, if we’re going to build safe, healthy communities then organic, sustainable farming practices are the only responsible path. The environmental harms caused by chemical pesticides in farming are far-reaching and could impact user and community health for decades to come. Protecting Farm Workers In the age of industrial farming, low-paid workers are among the most vulnerable workers. In 2014 alone, there were 58,000 adult farm injuries including injuries [&hellip;]
- [Sustainability and environmental concerns make out of green businesses a mainstream trend](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/environmental-concerns-green-businesses-trend/): A few years back, all small and large companies and manufacturers were announcing and priding themselves with adopting “green” policies and manufacturing methods. However, in the recent years, the marketing campaigns implemented to announce such measures are not as frequent as before. But this doesn’t mean that companies no longer “go green.” In fact, this means that green practices have become the norm for most companies and manufacturers. Take the example of Apple, a giant in the technology and innovation industry that put enormous efforts into implementing solar energy alternatives. In fact, the investment is an impressive one, of approximately [&hellip;]
- [Environmental and Sustainability Concerns in the Manufacturing Sector](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/environmental-concerns-manufacturing-sector/): Environmental and sustainability matters have to be urgently addressed in all manufacturing industries, as concerns regarding improper disposal methods regarding wastewaters, packaging waste and waste resulting from the manufacturing process are at a peak. The industrial revolution and population growth are the most prominent motivators when it comes to increasing the production volumes in the manufacturing sector, but unfortunately, environmental and sustainability matters arise as well. Below are presented some steps that manufacturing companies should take to reduce the footprint left on the environment as part of their activity. Waste generation statistics and data at the level of the European [&hellip;]
- [A Solar Mandate? We’re Closer Than You Think](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/solar-mandate-closer-than-you-think/): As States Mandate Solar In New Construction, What’s Next? As costs fall and interest in green energy rises, cities across the United States are beginning to make solar power mandatory, at least for new construction. As of January 2017, all new San Francisco constructions under 10 stories must have solar panels, while New York State recently announced plans for their zero cost Solar For All program to serve low-income residents. Still, even as various regional mandates take shape, concerns remain at the fore: how soon will all homes go solar? And what’s next in sustainability? The Water Is Warm One [&hellip;]
- [How to Turn Your Catering Business Green](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-to-turn-your-catering-business-green/): What’s the Secret to Greener Catering? The catering business is one of those industries that seem to be invincible. People are always going to have weddings, corporate events, and birthday parties, which means you’ll always have customers. But are you future proofing your business by paying attention to sustainability? 5 Ways to Make Your Catering Business Green “The beauty of catering, from a business perspective, is that there’s ample room for creativity,” Plastic Container City explains. “While most caterers think about creativity in the sense of table décor, place settings, and food presentation, there’s also an imaginative component to doing [&hellip;]
- [Eliminating Toxins in the Bedroom](https://peakoil.net/environment/eliminating-toxins-in-bedroom/): Toxins in the home have gained the public’s attention in the past several years, both in the UK and abroad. Toxins are found in many homes in the form of chemicals in furnishings, paint, and other household products. Eliminate toxins in the home by making conscious choices about everything from household plants, which are known to eliminate toxins in the air to bedding that is made without chemicals, such as the quality designer bedding sets from Guzel Dezayns. Nontoxic designer bedding offers luxury and comfort without hazardous chemicals that are bad for you and the environment. Make sure the manufacturer [&hellip;]
- [Top 10 eco-driving tips for everybody](https://peakoil.net/environment/top-10-eco-driving-tips-for-everybody/): 1. Embrace inflation As indicated by tire producer Michelin, underinflated tires can increase the car fuel usage up to six percent. With the average tank of fuel costing around £70, pumping up your tires could help to save around £4 per top off. The efforts appear to be beneficial, isn&#8217;t that right? 2. Regular maintenance A regularly maintained car will be more economical than one that is not regularly maintained. Proper and regular application of oil allows the internal components to be lubricated while any internal faults that obstruct the working condition can be repaired. Make sure you follow the [&hellip;]
- [Softening water in hard water areas to reduce energy consumption](https://peakoil.net/environment/softening-water-to-reduce-energy-consumption/): The chances are that if you live in a hard water area, your energy bills will be considerably higher than a home in a soft water area, and as around 60% of UK homes are affected by hard water, those bills add up to significant extra energy usage. Hard water contains various elements from region to region and is measured by the level of calcium and magnesium in the water supply. It is based on the type of soil and rock combinations which occur in your area. Water will have passed through the soil and rock underground, absorbing minerals before [&hellip;]
- [Using reclaimed materials for your garage](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/using-reclaimed-materials-for-your-garage/): If you are doing up your garage at home, but want to make sure it is environmentally friendly and cost-effective then why not consider using reclaimed materials to help get it into shape. You can scour reclaim yards, flea markets and other secondhand shops for items to upcycle and recycle to give your garage a whole new lease of life. 1. Storage Garages always need storage units so why not pick up some old shelf units or wardrobes from a second hand or charity furniture shop and use them to store all of the tools and bits and pieces which [&hellip;]
- [Painting a car without aerosols](https://peakoil.net/environment/painting-a-car-without-aerosols/): Many people like to change the color of their cars to give it a new look after a few years. The prospect of getting a new looking ‘old’ car is a great one if you want to save on the costs of buying an entirely new car! However, getting your car repainted is actually not fruitful for you in the long term. Painting the car decreases the resale value when the original company paint has been removed and redone. By decreasing the resale value of the car, you might actually lose out on a substantial sum of money. There is [&hellip;]
- [Keeping your eco-friendly business secure](https://peakoil.net/technology/keeping-your-eco-friendly-business-secure/): If you have an eco-friendly business with a focus on saving the planet, then it can be tricky to match those values with the need to protect your business and keep it secure from unwanted intruders or other would-be criminals. But in today’s modern world, there are ways to match security requirements with green credentials. Installing a CCTV system, with cameras monitoring the inside of your business and the exterior of the premises, is a sure fire way to help keep your business secure and deter thieves and would-be criminals from attempting to access the premises. But how do you [&hellip;]
- [5 Ways to Double Your Green Business Instagram Followers](https://peakoil.net/technology/5-ways-to-double-your-green-business-instagram-followers/): Social has recently emerged as a highly effective marketing channel. Although, all of the different social media options can be overwhelming since each requires a unique approach. That being said, depending on your green business or brand, specific channels are much more logical to pursue than others. Instagram is one of the largest channels today. Increasing Instagram followers is one of the highest leverage things to do because of the value each follower has. Recently, they announced that there are 25 million active business profiles on the platform. There is a reason many businesses are flocking to create accounts. It [&hellip;]
- [These 6 Organizations Are Saving Canada’s Waterways](https://peakoil.net/environment/organizations-saving-canada-waterways/): Canada has more than its fair share of fresh water. Its 36 million souls — about 0.5% of the world’s population — claim title to approximately 20% of the planet’s total supply of drinkable water. Though much of that water is trapped in deep aquifers or located in the country’s far north, beyond the reach of its water distribution infrastructure, there’s still plenty of clean, clear water to go around in Canada. At least, for now. Despite its vast swathes of near-uninhabited land and relatively progressive environmental policies, Canada faces numerous threats to its water quality. Some aren’t unique to [&hellip;]
- [5 Ways to Make Your Bedroom More Eco-Friendly](https://peakoil.net/blog/5-ways-to-make-your-bedroom-more-eco-friendly/): Is Your Bedroom as Green as it Could Be? Your bedroom is supposed to be your retreat away from the stress of the world. However, most bedrooms across America are anything but healthy and sustainable. If you want to enjoy your bedroom, then you should pay closer attention to the choices you’re making and invest in more sustainable solutions and products. 5 Steps to a Greener Bedroom When it comes to being green in the home, most people think about the kitchen, living room, or landscaping, but the bedroom is actually one of the most important areas. You consistently spend [&hellip;]
- [Improving communications for your eco-friendly business](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/improving-communications-for-your-eco-friendly-business/): If you are running an eco-friendly business, it can be a challenge to make sure that every single aspect of the day-to-day running meets not only the business needs but also the green credentials which inspire the company. When you are looking to improve and upgrade systems, the efficiency of both the business and the environment are important factors to consider and none more so than in communications and IT. One of the ways which businesses help to become more efficient, and reduce their environmental footprint, is by switching over from general telephone systems to a VoIP or Voice over [&hellip;]
- [Helping Victims Of Hurricane Harvey](https://peakoil.net/environment/helping-victims-of-hurricane-harvey/): Hurricane Harvey is one of the most destructive storms in history. It set a new record this August when it slammed into Houston, Texas. This Category 4 storm dumped over 50 inches of rain on the Houston metropolitan area. That is more rainfall than has come from any previous single storm in United States history. Harvey&#8217;s rain and wind flooded hundreds of thousands of homes and other structures. Rebuilding Houston after such a disaster will be a long process. However, the victims of Hurricane Harvey need help now. If you are a resident of the Houston area, here are some [&hellip;]
- [What Is Eco-Friendly Living and How to Maintain It?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/what-is-eco-friendly-living-and-how-to-maintain-it/): We bet you have already heard about eco-friendly living. In the 21st century, it is difficult to find someone who is not in one of those 2 categories:      people who believe that living a greener life is easy;      people who believe that living a greener life is something incredibly difficult to do. So, which category are you in? And what does it actually mean to live eco-friendly? Trash-free? Plastic-free? First of all, start with your devices – smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Do you know what materials they are made of? Okay, maybe it is too much for the beginning. But [&hellip;]
- [All Natural DIY Home Spa Ideas](https://peakoil.net/blog/all-natural-diy-home-spa-ideas/): Women have always been extremely particular about how they look. Beauty and looking good has been closely linked to self-confidence and how women carry themselves. It is widely acclaimed that having flawless skin, no acne, spots, or discoloration on your hair and skin helps you feel better about yourself in the long term. The latest trend in beauty treatments and spas is Do-It-Yourself or homemade, homegrown remedies to feel good in the comfort of your home. Another driving factor behind this trend is that home spa ideas are extremely economical and can make a huge difference in the cost of treatments. [&hellip;]
- [Eco-friendly Flooring Options For Home Or Office](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/eco-friendly-flooring-options-for-home-or-office/): Earlier, eco-friendly flooring was considered a mish-mash of sad-looking, dull images, and materials. That isn’t the case anymore, it is as important as home siding. Eco-friendly flooring has gotten a new look and feels thanks to an effort by designers and manufacturers to meet the rising trend of sustainable materials amongst customers. Now, there are plenty of beautiful designs, patterns, and customizations available to choose eco-friendly flooring. When you consider a revamp of the floors, you should think of all the people and pets that live in your home. You should also think about the climate for the majority part [&hellip;]
- [Bottled vs. Filtered; A Tale of Two Waters](https://peakoil.net/blog/bottled-vs-filtered-a-tale-of-two-waters/): It is estimated that this year (2017) alone, the global consumption of bottled water topped 391 billion liters. In the scheme of things, the USA was a major player in what is known to be a fast-growing industry. While this kind of water has been known to be popular among people, it has also faced plenty of criticism over the years. At the moment, there is a raging debate as to whether bottled water is worth its weight or volume in this matter. At the core of it is the argument that filtered water is a better choice and needs [&hellip;]
- [How to Stay Warm This Winter Without Wasting Energy](https://peakoil.net/environment/how-to-stay-warm-this-winter-without-wasting-energy/): 5 Tips to Keep Your House Warm for Less Staying warm in the winter can be a challenge, especially when you’re trying to save energy and cut down on your utility bills. Thankfully, people have been doing it for centuries and you can, too! 5 Cost-Effective Tips to Keep You Toasty Whether you have a 500-square-foot apartment or 5,000-square-foot home, trying to keep your house warm without wasting energy and racking up an expensive heating bill can be difficult. And while you’ll have to learn how to compromise in certain situations, the following cost-effective tips should help you enjoy the [&hellip;]
- [Environmental Pollution and Students Role to Control It](https://peakoil.net/environment/environmental-pollution-and-students-role-to-control-it/): We have only one Earth, and most people recognize that it’s important to keep the environment safe and protected. While many may feel that the onus of controlling pollution should fall on the largest polluters, governments, and corporations, there is much that students can do to help make the environment cleaner and safer for all of us now and in the future. After all, while children contribute only 10% of the world’s pollution, they suffer about 40% of the global disease burden, a burden exacerbated by environmental pollution. Each year more than 3 million children under the age of 5 [&hellip;]
- [Tips on Saving Energy and Money at Home](https://peakoil.net/environment/tips-on-saving-energy-and-money-at-home/): The Wisest of Penny Pinchers It can often feel like there aren’t many things that we have direct control over in this world, and we’re always looking for ways to make those things we do control a little better, or a little easier. What we spend our money on is something that we at least have some control over. When considering what to regard as most important on our primary list of money concerns, two factors should near the top of this list for all of us: energy and electricity. As routine as these topics sound, having a handle on [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Virtual Reality on Green Design](https://peakoil.net/technology/impact-of-virtual-reality-on-green-design/): When it comes to understanding the potential impact of virtual reality on society as a whole, we are only just beginning to scratch the surface. Since the advent of this new technology, certain professions and industries have clearly been influenced more than others. As a result, these professions and industries have also developed innovative ways to ensure they take full advantage of the unique benefits made possible through virtual reality. The architectural field and companies like Render 3D Quickly are certainly among the many professions that have experienced virtual reality’s positive impact. Emphasizing Energy Efficient Design Principles Architects are increasingly [&hellip;]
- [Not Every Alternative Energy Company Is Legitimate](https://peakoil.net/environment/not-every-alternative-energy-company-is-legitimate/): Are You Getting &#8220;Greenwashed&#8221; By Deceptive Marketing? You’d think a company that makes the effort to be eco-friendly would have integrity. However, that’s not always the case. Eco-friendly companies are not immune to being founded on a lack of morality that gets them sued. Before installing a new sustainable energy system, or even supporting your local eco-friendly business, you need to do some research. There are pros and cons to installing alternative energy systems in your home. Whether you’re installing a solar water heating system, or solar panels to provide electricity for your home, it’s going to be an investment. [&hellip;]
- [12 Tips for Throwing an Eco-Friendly Birthday Party](https://peakoil.net/environment/12-tips-for-throwing-an-eco-friendly-birthday-party/): Throwing a green birthday party may seem an impossible task, but in fact, there are plenty of eco-friendly choices you can make. The following tips will be your guide to throwing the best green birthday party ever: 1. Buy Fresh Instead of Packaged One of the biggest sources of waste at birthday parties is food, and this is where you can be eco-friendly. Buying fresh ingredients instead of packaged foods can be a great way to cut down on waste. For example, instead of buying frozen vegetables or meat, go to your local farmer&#8217;s market and purchase everything fresh. Such [&hellip;]
- [Earth-smart Buyers Looking to Sustainable Metal Homes: Here’s Why](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/sustainable-metal-homes/): Until recently, most U.S. homebuyers had to settle for one particular building material: wood. Sure, other materials found geographical or climatological niches, but the wood was king. For better or worse, wood remains the dominant residential construction material in most of the United States. But earth-smart buyers — in particular, the eco-savvy millennial cohort that will do more than any other demographic group to support the country’s housing market during the next two to three decades — are quickly waking up to a gentler, more sustainable alternative: metal. Is Metal the Future of Home Construction? That’s right: Metal homes might [&hellip;]
- [5 Ways To Be Environmentally Friendly When Building Your Business](https://peakoil.net/environment/building-environmentally-friendly-business/): Are you in the process of building your business? Are you hoping to hit it big in the months and years to come? Are you also concerned about being environmentally friendly along the way? There is nothing more exciting than building a business from the ground up. This is one of the best ways to take control of your life, both from a professional and personal point of view. However, there’s one thing you need to remember: making money shouldn’t be your only goal. You should also consider the many ways you can better yourself and the world as a [&hellip;]
- [5 Tips for Eco-Friendly Boating](https://peakoil.net/environment/5-tips-for-eco-friendly-boating/): How to be a Friend of the Water: 5 Tips for Green Boating Boating should be fun, safe, and healthy. Unfortunately, not every boater follows the rules, which often makes it a dangerous recreational activity. And while summer is winding down, there’s still time to implement some new eco-friendly practices that you can carry over into next boating season. Try These 5 Green Boating Tips You can’t just lower your boat into the water, crank up the engine, and jet off for a few hours without thinking about the impact you’re having on the environment. You have a responsibility to [&hellip;]
- [European Energy Union: Make it a triple win, says European civil society](https://peakoil.net/environment/environmenteuropean-energy-union-statement-transition/): Concerns over the social costs and the financing of the energy transition ran through all panel discussions at the EESC&#8217;s European Energy Dialogue, organized by the European Economic and Social Committee in Brussels on 8 September. The event focused on the European Commission&#8217;s proposed Clean Energy for All Europeans package as seen by a wide spectrum of civil society stakeholders debating with European institutions and market players. Hailed by all players as a very positive set of measures bringing together for the first time energy and climate action into a coherent program, the Clean Energy for all Europeans package raises [&hellip;]
- [7 Sustainable Purchases For Your Business](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/sustainable-purchases-for-your-business/): Maybe you already run an eco-friendly business in some ways, but you&#8217;d like to step up your game. When it comes to taking your business green, there&#8217;s always another step you can take. Many products and services allow you to transform different sections of your business from normal to green. Often, going green will even save you money in the long run. If you&#8217;re considering making your business more eco-friendly, you need to know what to purchase. Here are seven of the top options if you want to go green. Start with the Appliances Maybe your business has a kitchen [&hellip;]
- [Striking A Balance: Should You Get An Electric Vehicle?](https://peakoil.net/environment/striking-a-balance-should-you-get-an-electric-vehicle/): Fewer Cars Or Efficient Cars? Balancing Sustainability And Manufacturing Those who can afford it are jumping to buy electric and hybrid vehicles based on the dominant narrative that they’re better for the environment – but are they actually better? And when is the right time to buy? Use this guide to help you decide on the most efficient option for you. New Materials and Manufacturing Emissions vs. Driving Your Old Vehicle When you buy a new car, consider the manufacturing costs and emissions compared to the car you already have. Mike Merners-Lee and Duncan Clark, expert carbon foot printers, calculate [&hellip;]
- [How Expensive Is It To Build An Energy Efficient Business?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-expensive-is-it-to-build-an-energy-efficient-business/): Averaging data across states from all sectors, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimates that businesses must spend around 4.6 cents to save 1 kWh of energy. If you’re trying to run a cost-benefit analysis, the answer is that investing in energy efficiency will save you more money than it costs you. Research by the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) notes that the average cost to save 1 kWh of energy is around 3.5 cents, but the average net savings as a percentage of sales resulting from an investment in energy efficiency increased from around 0.8% to 1.8% [&hellip;]
- [5 Tips to Growth Hack Instagram Engagement For Your Green Business](https://peakoil.net/technology/tips-instagram-engagement-green-business/): With social media marketing becoming increasingly more important, green businesses are now employing a broad range of marketing methods to boost the impact of their online presence. Among these new strategies is growth hacking, or the act of using various quick marketing methods to maximize online brand visibility. Usually a trial-and-error process, growth hacking can yield massive returns for companies trying to expand their overall audience, but lacking a structured plan of attack can cause “errors” to stack up and hinder a business’s marketing strategy as a whole. However, knowing what to expect beforehand can reduce hindrances and allow businesses [&hellip;]
- [Which Home Siding Options Are Most Eco-Friendly?](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/eco-friendly-home-siding/): These Home Siding Options Are Best for the Environment Siding is one of the most important features for comfort at home, thanks to its ability to trap air inside. However, it doesn’t always do its job. When your utility bills start to rise, it can be a sign that your siding is no longer properly sealed, and you’re wasting precious energy as a result. Replacing your siding with an eco-friendly option is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint and stand up for greener construction tactics. Sustainable siding options increase a home’s efficiency and limit the emissions [&hellip;]
- [How To Protect Your Eco-Friendly Company’s Reputation Online](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-to-protect-your-eco-friendly-companys-reputation-online/): Robert Greene, the author of the prominent best-selling book The 48 Laws of Power, writes about reputation as one of the cornerstones of social power: “Make your reputation unassailable. Always be alert to potential attacks and thwart them before they happen.” Greene further advocates for the Machiavellian approach of strengthening your own reputation and weakening those of others at the same time. While some might take moral issue with purposefully manipulating online reputation for producing a falsely favorable impression, the truth of the matter is firms, restaurants, and even movies are impacted significantly as a result of their reputation. It’s [&hellip;]
- [10 Life Events Eco-Friendly Executives Need To Build Up Credit For](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/10-life-events-eco-friendly-executives-need-to-build-up-credit-for/): For most of us, credit is the financial lifeline that gives us flexibility and freedom. After all, it’s what dictates the house or car we can buy, as well as how much certain everyday necessities are going to cost us in the long run. It’s a long, tedious road to building up your credit score, but eventually, one day it’s going to come in handy for some of the life’s biggest decisions. That’s why we’ve compiled a few of the most common scenarios where good credit can come in handy. Check them out below: Weddings Getting married is something a [&hellip;]
- [Why You Should Intern For An Eco-Friendly Company](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/why-you-should-intern-for-an-eco-friendly-company/): Recent analysis shows that renewable energy will take over as the cheapest energy source in most countries come 2020. This indicates that a major paradigm shift is underway when it concerns the changes to the energy industry. Trump’s decision to pull the United States out of the Paris Climate Accords manifests as one of the more controversial political decisions of the current year. But even while Trump’s policies favor more traditional methods of generating energy such as from coal or oil, the alternative energy revolution guided by the international market will still result in the U.S. meeting the schedules of [&hellip;]
- [4 Ways We Can Make Our Companies More Eco-Friendly](https://peakoil.net/environment/4-ways-we-can-make-our-companies-more-eco-friendly/): A few years ago, being eco-friendly was widely regarded as trendy and fun. Although, that was before companies started seeing the results this shift. Not only were they able to save tremendously on costs, such as lighting, water, and gas, but they were also able to contribute to a global movement. Those aspects are just barely scratching the surface of what going green can mean. According to a study by UCLA, companies that have a &#8220;going green initiative&#8221; report being 16% more productive than the national average. Emphasizing environmentally-friendly values shows your employees you care about more than just a [&hellip;]
- [12 Branding Tips For Your Eco-Friendly Company](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/12-branding-tips-for-your-eco-friendly-company/): There is no denying the fact that a growing number of people are turning their attention to sustainability when deciding who to do business with. That is particularly true among millennials. With this in mind, if you have an eco-friendly company, it’s imperative that you use this to your advantage when creating a branding strategy. Here are 12 branding tips for your eco-friendly company: 1. Choose the Right Color Scheme Some colors lend better to the “eco-friendly feel” than others. An example of this is the color green, as it’s often used by brands with an environmentally friendly approach. You [&hellip;]
- [4 Sustainable Renovations You Can Do Yourself At Home](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/4-sustainable-renovations-you-can-do-yourself-at-home/): Make Your Home More Sustainable With These 4 Strategies More people than ever before are interested in sustainable living. Whether they’re installing solar panels, reducing water consumption, or embracing smart home technology to regulate energy expenditures, homeowners are considering the environmental implications of their residences. Of course, it would be great if homeowners could undertake all of these improvements on their own, but there will always be renovations that require a professional. You can make plenty of adjustments independently, though, if you know where to focus. These four simple, sustainable strategies can help your home stand out in a crowded [&hellip;]
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- [벳38 카지노 이용 가이드 - 가입 방법 및 최신 이벤트 정보](https://peakoil.net/casino-site/bet38/): 1. 벳38 사이트 소개 및 특징 벳38은 업계에 소개된 이후로 안정적으로 운영되고 있는 카지노 사이트로, 특히 한국 플레이어들이 이용하기 편리하도록 구성되어 있습니다. 사이트 내 모든 언어는 한국어로 설정되어 있으며, 결제 방법은 원화 은행 송금과 계좌 이체를 지원해 국내 플레이어들에게 친숙한 결제 환경을 제공합니다. 또한, 앙주앙 정부로부터 발급받은 정식 라이센스로, 사이트 운영의 공정하고 투명한 안전성을 보장합니다. 그뿐만 아니라 128 bit 암호화 기술을 적용하여 사이트를 이용하는 사용자 정보와 거래를 철저하게 보호하며, 회원들이 개인 정보 유출과 같은 보안 걱정 없이 온라인 베팅 게임을 즐길 수 있도록 합니다.&nbsp; 카지노 게임의 베팅 한도는 최대 3,000만 원으로 설정되어 있으며, VIP 회원의 경우 한도가 1억 원까지 상향 [&hellip;]
- [Empowering Sustainability Goals with Digital Marketing](https://peakoil.net/technology/empowering-sustainability-goals-with-digital-marketing/): In today&#8217;s eco-conscious world, where consumers are increasingly drawn to brands that demonstrate social responsibility, businesses are turning to Green Marketing Strategies to showcase their commitment to sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (ESG). However, embarking on this journey requires more than just a nod to environmental friendliness; it demands deeply integrating sustainability goals with your digital marketing strategies. Let&#8217;s explore how you and your business can achieve this harmonious blend. Initiating this harmonious blend involves marrying your brand&#8217;s ESG mission with a robust online presence. Your digital marketing endeavors should reflect the values driving your sustainability objectives, enabling a [&hellip;]
- [Sustainable Aviation: Paving the Way for Clearer Skies](https://peakoil.net/environment/sustainable-aviation-paving-the-way-for-clearer-skies/): In an era where environmental sustainability is paramount, industries worldwide are increasingly seeking ways to reduce their carbon footprint and mitigate their impact on the planet. One such industry at the forefront of this effort is aviation. Sustainable aviation, characterized by a commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing noise pollution, and conserving natural resources, is not just a lofty goal—it&#8217;s a tangible reality with far-reaching environmental benefits. In this article, we&#8217;ll explore the environmental advantages of sustainable aviation and the innovations driving this transformation towards clearer skies and a greener future. Reducing Carbon Footprint One of the most significant [&hellip;]
- [The Road To Redemption: Rehabilitating Your Business's Online Image](https://peakoil.net/blog/the-road-to-redemption-rehabilitating-your-businesss-online-image/): A business&#8217;s online image is as crucial as the quality of its products or services. A single negative review, a misinterpreted tweet, or an unhappy customer can cause lasting damage to a company&#8217;s reputation. The road to rehabilitation seems long and arduous for businesses caught in such a whirlpool of detrimental online attention. However, it is possible to rehabilitate your business&#8217;s online image. You can&nbsp;remove negative news articles&nbsp;and reclaim your good reputation with the right strategies, patience, and consistency. Here&#8217;s how to embark on that journey of digital redemption. Acknowledge and Assess The first step towards rehabilitation is to acknowledge [&hellip;]
- [Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Potential Future Paths of Digital Surgery and MedTech](https://peakoil.net/blog/revolutionizing-healthcare-the-potential-future-paths-of-digital-surgery-and-medtech/): Embarking on a journey into the future of healthcare, delve into the transformative world of digital surgery and MedTech. Uncover a landscape where cutting-edge technology intertwines with compassionate care, reshaping how medical interventions unfold. This exploration is not just about the future; it&#8217;s about addressing a concern you might share. It&#8217;s the accessibility and efficacy of current healthcare practices. In this article, we&#8217;ll uncover the promises and challenges of a healthcare landscape on the brink of revolution. Remote Surgery and Telemedicine Remote surgery, facilitated by advanced robotic systems, is paving the way for improved access to specialized medical expertise. Patients [&hellip;]
- [Hemp's Environmental Impact: Understanding Its Sustainable Benefits](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/hemps-environmental-impact-understanding-its-sustainable-benefits/): Hemp is a versatile plant used for thousands of years for various purposes, including food, fiber, medicine, and fuel. But did you know that hemp can also play a vital role in creating a more sustainable future for our planet? In this blog post, we will explore some of the environmental benefits of hemp and how it can help us address some of our time&#8217;s most pressing ecological challenges. How Hemp Could Be the Key to a Sustainable Future One of the main reasons why hemp is so environmentally friendly is that it can grow almost anywhere, with minimal water [&hellip;]
- [Samuel Olayinka's Insights on Sustainable Production Operations](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/samuel-olayinkas-insights-on-sustainable-production-operations/): Fossil fuels have been a reliable energy source for many years. Recently, the oil and gas production industry has taken measures to develop procedures that deliver high efficiency and mitigate negative impacts on the environment. With over 23 years of professional experience in the industry,&nbsp;Samuel Olayinka&nbsp;gives his perspective on the sector&#8217;s shift toward sustainability and related challenges. Olayinka&#8217;s significant accomplishments as a senior operations supervisor led up to this point from his graduation from Rivers State University, Nigeria, with a PGD in Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, an MSc In Engineering Management Science at ESUT, Nigeria, and a PhD in View-Environmental Science Management [&hellip;]
- [Where to Get CNC Work Done - Finding the Right Partner for your Project](https://peakoil.net/blog/where-to-get-cnc-work-done-finding-the-right-partner-for-your-project/): Researching and finding a reliable company that can provide you with the specific services you need is essential. Look for a company with experience in the type of CNC work you need and offering competitive prices and high-quality results. You can also ask for references from past clients to get an idea of what to expect.&nbsp; Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology is a beacon of innovation in manufacturing and precision engineering. It has transformed how we create parts and products, offering unmatched precision and efficiency. If you need CNC work, you&#8217;re likely wondering where to get the&nbsp;instant CNC quote&nbsp;for your [&hellip;]
- [Sunday A. Adole: Agent of Change In The Present Time of Peak Oil](https://peakoil.net/peak-oil/sunday-a-adole-agent-of-change-in-the-present-time-of-peak-oil/): Give us fuel, give us fire, and give us the profits that we desire. The world has reached the peak of oil production or will very soon. The exact years of peak oil production have been predicted before. Each prediction has turned out to be wrong, but the latest predictions say that if we have yet to reach peak oil production, we will start by 2040. One reason for this is that almost all proven, possible, and probable fossil fuel reserves are now known. However, new reserves may be discovered and exploited at the north pole or the deep ocean. [&hellip;]
- [Optimizing Field Operations in The Oil Industry Through a Service Scheduling Software](https://peakoil.net/technology/optimizing-field-operations-in-the-oil-industry-through-a-service-scheduling-software/): The oil industry is complex and demanding and requires precise planning and scheduling to maximize operational efficiency. Field operations, in particular, are critical to ensure the smooth functioning and timely execution of projects. A service scheduling software can significantly optimize field operations, enhance workforce productivity, and streamline team communication. Tracking Field Asset Utilization The oil industry is a resource-intensive industry that relies heavily on field assets such as drilling rigs, pumping stations, and pipelines. Scheduling software can help optimize the utilization of these assets by providing real-time tracking and monitoring of their usage. That allows companies to track maintenance schedules, [&hellip;]
- [How Long Do Solar Panels Last? 7 Tips To Extend Their Life](https://peakoil.net/renewable/how-long-do-solar-panels-last-7-tips-to-extend-their-life/): There has been a growing trend in adopting renewable energy sources in recent years. One is solar power, which gained acceptance in various industries, commercial establishments, and even homes worldwide.&nbsp; As solar technology becomes readily available, it allows the transition to a readily available power source. Solar panels are a crucial source of clean energy for homeowners. It&#8217;s an option worth considering if you want to save energy and power appliances.&nbsp; The Lifespan Of Solar Panels&nbsp; Knowing everything about solar panels is crucial if you plan on switching to solar power for your home. The lifespan of solar panels is [&hellip;]
- [The Use of Power Electronics in Smart Grid](https://peakoil.net/renewable/the-use-of-power-electronics-in-smart-grid/): A smart grid is an automated system that monitors and manages the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity to achieve maximum efficiency. It is regarded as one of the key technological advances of the last decade. In the future, the smart grid will considerably transform the electrical networks we use today. As power conversion plays a crucial role in implementing this technology, power electronics have become a vital part. Integration of Renewable Energy Sources The evolution of power electronics and the efficiency of these devices in managing power flows in recent years has made it possible to advance the use [&hellip;]
- [The Correlation Between Gas Usage and the Average Temperature](https://peakoil.net/environment/the-correlation-between-gas-usage-and-the-average-temperature/): The correlation between gas usage and the average temperature is vital when considering energy consumption. As the weather changes, so does the amount of gas used by households. This relationship can be studied to understand how much energy is consumed and how to manage it more effectively. Conducting a&nbsp;business energy comparison&nbsp;to help reduce unnecessary gas usage makes sense.&nbsp; The correlation between gas usage and average temperature can also help us better understand the impact of climate change on our environment. By looking at how this relationship works, we can learn how to save energy and cut our carbon footprint. Exploring [&hellip;]
- [The Five Factors of Organizational Design for Successful Digital Transformation](https://peakoil.net/blog/the-five-factors-of-organizational-design-for-successful-digital-transformation/): Strategic organizational design is vital to a successful digital transformation. But many businesses need to realize that there are five factors to organizational design, not just one. Businesses can create a more holistic and effective digital transformation strategy by considering all five factors – purpose, structure, process, people, and culture. When it comes to organizational design, most business leaders focus on structure. But while the structure is essential, it&#8217;s not the only factor determining success. To truly transform your organization, you must take a holistic approach that considers all five factors. This article will look at all five of these [&hellip;]
- [<strong>The Future Of Fintech:</strong> What's Next For The Industry?](https://peakoil.net/technology/the-future-of-fintech-whats-next-for-the-industry/): While no one can say precisely what the future holds, a few key trends offer powerful insight into where the FinTech industry is headed. So today, we&#8217;ll explore what we can expect from the future of FinTech. FinTech online courses&nbsp;are a great way to learn more about topics relating to financial technology, including what the future holds and how to think critically about financial services innovation. Consider registering for a course if you want to stay ahead of the curve and be prepared for whatever comes next. What&#8217;s Next for FinTech? Now, let&#8217;s return to the question of what&#8217;s next [&hellip;]
- [Exploring the Economic and Social Benefits of Sustainable Rail Construction](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/exploring-the-economic-and-social-benefits-of-sustainable-rail-construction/): Do you realize the power of transportation to transform our societies? It&#8217;s easier to imagine a world with cars, planes, and rail systems. Rail has long been one of the most reliable and efficient modes of transport around the globe—but its impact isn&#8217;t limited only to convenience. It can also be a powerful tool for sustainable development. To give you an insight into this topic, we will explore some of these advantages and look at how railways can become greener now and into the future. So let&#8217;s dive into all the potential ways sustainable rail construction can benefit us today. [&hellip;]
- [<strong>How Is PVA Used In The Oil And Gas Industry</strong>](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-is-pva-used-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry/): Oil and gas production typically involves using various chemicals to help extract hydrocarbons from the ground. One such chemical is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer used in multiple applications, including as a gelling agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.&nbsp; Because it can increase production while decreasing operations’ environmental impact, PVA is particularly useful in the oil and gas industry. This article will discuss and explore what PVA is, its properties, and its applications. What Is Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)? PVA is a synthetic resin that is made from vinyl acetate monomers. It&#8217;s used to produce coatings, adhesives, sealants, and other products.&nbsp; Many&nbsp;PVA [&hellip;]
- [5 Energy-Saving Tips for Your Hospitality Business](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/5-energy-saving-tips-for-your-hospitality-business/): The hospitality industry is one of the world&#8217;s biggest energy consumers. Hotels, restaurants, and other businesses use much more electricity than the average household. However, these businesses can also be leaders in energy conservation by adopting smart solutions that will help them reduce their carbon footprint and save money at the same time. Let&#8217;s explore how. Energy Monitoring Energy consumption in the hospitality industry&nbsp;is high, but it doesn&#8217;t need to cost you an arm and a leg. Energy monitoring is the process of measuring and analyzing energy usage data. It helps you to identify patterns in your usage, evaluate performance [&hellip;]
- [11 Actions Your Business Can Take To Mitigate The Impacts Of Climate Change](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/11-actions-your-business-can-take-to-mitigate-the-impacts-of-climate-change/): The impact of climate change is becoming more evident every day, which means that businesses across all industries must take appropriate action toward a greener future. To make your business more sustainable, sometimes all you need is to introduce a few small changes to your daily work processes. This will help you demonstrate your commitment to combating climate change and improving sustainability. Within this guide, you will find eleven actions that can help your company mitigate the effects of climate change. Switch To Electric Vehicles Transitioning to electric vehicles can provide your business with a variety of financial and environmental [&hellip;]
- [What Is Logistics, And How Can It Kickstart My Career?](https://peakoil.net/blog/what-is-logistics-and-how-can-it-kickstart-my-career/): Logistics is the system that makes everyday products come to you. You might not have thought of the exact definition. Next time you order a product online or get something from the grocery store, you might want to think about it. Logistics is the flow of goods, connecting the manufacturer and consumer. Without this industry, the products wouldn&#8217;t arrive on store shelves or your doorstep. Therefore, it is crucial in the modern world where truck driver jobs are an excellent career choice.&nbsp; Basics The word logistics was invented in the 1800s when it referred to military operations providing supplies for [&hellip;]
- [Using Signage for Oil Worker Safety](https://peakoil.net/blog/using-signage-for-oil-worker-safety/): Signs are an important way for all workplaces to keep their staff safe. Signage is the most obvious way to identify any hazards or dangers. They are a government requirement in all workplaces and inspections are carried out to ensure these signs are placed in the correct spots and visible to avoid any issues. For them to be most effective they need to be understandable, clear, and of good quality.&nbsp; For oil workers,&nbsp;safety signage&nbsp;is extremely important. Various signs have to be present as they help avoid life or death situations. Mandatory Safety Signs These should be situated when entering any [&hellip;]
- [How to improve workplace safety with electrical cabinet vents](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-to-improve-workplace-safety-with-electrical-cabinet-vents/): Every company must offer a safe workplace for its employees, be it a small business or a large industrial plant. In a very large industrial context such as a manufacturing company, the installation of&nbsp;electrical cabinet vents&nbsp;is not enough to make the environment safe. It is also necessary to invest in the ventilation of the cabinet and its cooling through electrical cabinet vents, created to prevent overheating. It is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance and have the installation carried out by professionals in the sector. The temperature must be controlled in a company because it affects the reliability and durability [&hellip;]
- [How to Improve Logistics Efficiency](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-to-improve-logistics-efficiency/): Businesses are facing extraordinary challenges as disruptions in the supply chain echo across the globe. Even as things looked to return to normal, we&#8217;ve seen even more chaos as climate change-induced heat waves have resulted in the Yangtze River in China drying up in places. This has curtailed the production of hydroelectric power, and factories have been shuttered in several Chinese provinces. In addition, the unprecedented heat waves have caused air conditioning usage to soar, adversely affecting the grid, and reducing available power. Clearly, recent events have shown us that unexpected change is woven into the new business model. As [&hellip;]
- [Top 4 Dangers For Remote Area Workers And How To Prevent Them](https://peakoil.net/blog/top-4-dangers-for-remote-area-workers-and-how-to-prevent-them/): Generally, a remote area refers to a location that&#8217;s difficult to access. It may refer to a rural location, such as the desert or countryside. It can also mean a place that isn&#8217;t easily accessible by vehicle, like offshore or mines. While this area has road access, they are usually far from the nearest police station, hospital, or other workers. This means that if a team member requires immediate medical intervention, it will take time for help to arrive. Working in remote areas is part of everyday business operations for various professionals, including construction workers, engineers, surveyors, and foresters. However, [&hellip;]
- [How to Edit Black and White Photos](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-to-edit-black-and-white-photos/): Did you know that&nbsp;Alfred Stieglitz&nbsp;was an advocate of craftsmanship in early 20th-century photography? If you&#8217;re hoping to bring out a better sense of craft in your black and white photography, you have a lot more tools at your disposal than he did. You just need to learn how to use them. Read on to find out some tricks to edit your black and white photos! Prioritize Composition When you take photos, you may try your best to craft the perfect composition. But when you open the photo in your photo editing software, it might be lacking. Fortunately, you can use [&hellip;]
- [Marketing Strategies: What Factors Influence Consumer Behavior?](https://peakoil.net/blog/marketing-strategies-what-factors-influence-consumer-behavior/): When devising a marketing strategy, it is essential for a business to first have a clear picture of who its target audience is and what factors influence their behavior. In the past, consumers may simply have visited the first shop they came across. Today, however, consumers are highly informed; they read reviews, assess prices, and take time before committing to a product or service. If your business is developing a digital marketing plan, this blog post is for you. Here, we will look at what factors influence&nbsp;consumer behavior. The more your business can understand its target audience, the better it [&hellip;]
- [3D Printing Technology: Meaning, Uses, and Environmental Friendliness](https://peakoil.net/technology/3d-printing-technology-meaning-uses-and-environmental-friendliness/): Since its inception, 3D printing has been heralded as a technology that promotes smart, sustainable manufacturing. Many people consider it a less wasteful process and more impactful in resource use. However, the questions that remain open are where 3D printing stands on the world&#8217;s green scale and whether it&#8217;s indeed environmentally friendly as it&#8217;s praised to be. In this article, we seek to explore whether it is eco-friendly and why. What Is 3D Printing? Known by another name as additive manufacturing,&nbsp;3D printing&nbsp;involves creating layer-by-layer three-dimensional objects using computer-created design to produce finished products. The finished product can be seen to [&hellip;]
- [What Kind of Fines You Can Pay as a Foreign Driver?](https://peakoil.net/blog/what-kind-of-fines-you-can-pay-as-a-foreign-driver/): The most comfortable way to travel abroad is in your car or in the car you’ve rented. If you plan on taking such a trip it’s important to familiarize yourself with the local traffic laws and regulations and to be prepared for the fines that might come up if you don’t follow them. It’s best to do what you can to avoid getting fines while abroad and therefore allowing such issues to ruin your trip. In some cases, the traffic authorities will go easy on foreigners but learning local laws is still your responsibility. Speeding Speeding is the most common [&hellip;]
- [Becoming an Electrical Contractor](https://peakoil.net/blog/becoming-an-electrical-contractor/): Electrical contractors are companies or individual electricians that perform maintenance, service, and installation services in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. Making the switch from being an electrician to an electrical contractor is a great leap as it means you want to test the murky waters of being an entrepreneur.&nbsp; How Electrical Contractors Work The responsibility of the electrical contractor is to install, design, and ensure the proper maintenance of electrical and communication systems within a residential, industrial, or commercial property. The electrical contractor could be a big contracting company or startup with few workers.&nbsp; The job of electrical contractors is [&hellip;]
- [Diesel Battery Units for a Sustainable Power Supply](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/diesel-battery-units-for-a-sustainable-power-supply/): In the modern world, the reliable power supply for various facilities is one of the most important priorities for all types of organizations. These organizations are often construction companies for which autonomy and uninterrupted power supply are some of the key factors in ensuring a continuous work cycle during construction to reduce downtime and power outages. In a pandemic, it has also proven to be important to ensure rapid deployment of capacity to power all necessary devices and machinery. To meet these requirements, the power supply must be mobile, easy to work with, and inexpensive. One excellent and affordable solution [&hellip;]
- [A Guide to Car Cleaning](https://peakoil.net/blog/a-guide-to-car-cleaning/): Damaged or dirty car seats may have worse effects on your vehicle than you may think. Just imagine having to give your boss a ride when last week&#8217;s coffee spills are all evident on the carpet. You can easily keep your car in shape, no matter whether you choose to get it done by a vendor or tackle the project with your gloves. Let’s go through some aspects of car cleaning. How Often Should Cars Be Cleaned? The interiors should be cleaned every month. To get rid of bad odors, be sure to clear trash daily. Wipe the dust regularly [&hellip;]
- [The Benefits of Cybersecurity Risk Management](https://peakoil.net/technology/the-benefits-of-cybersecurity-risk-management/): Is your organization vulnerable to cybersecurity threats? Cyber risk management is essential for businesses of all sizes. Understanding and mitigating cybersecurity risks can help you protect your organization from attacks, data breaches, and other threats. A cyber security course can also help you develop the skills you need to identify and assess cybersecurity risks, implement security controls, and create a cybersecurity incident response plan. In addition, a cybersecurity course can help you understand the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding cybersecurity. Proactive Cyber Risk Management Simply put: organizations that proactively manage cybersecurity risks are better positioned to defend themselves against attacks [&hellip;]
- [5 Important Facts You Need to Know About Oil Industry](https://peakoil.net/blog/5-important-facts-you-need-to-know-about-oil-industry/): We cannot naysay the fact that the oil demand is increasing worldwide and so the prices are also increasing globally. The oil industry does not produce oil for fueling vehicles only there are multiple other uses too. Most countries are dependent on the US for the import of oil and this is a reason, USA’s economy is strengthening. New investors usually have to face certain barriers while entering the oil industry because existing ones have created a monopoly. In this blog, you will learn some important facts about the oil industry so let’s explore the details: The US is the [&hellip;]
- [How to Make Your Cannabis Business More Eco-Friendly](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/how-to-make-your-cannabis-business-more-eco-friendly/): Many businesses across several industries are starting to look at ways to be eco-friendly in their business models and daily practices. By doing so, they might experience many benefits, such as customer appreciation and a smaller carbon footprint. However, knowing how to get started on your journey to eco-friendliness is not always easy. If you need a helping hand, you might see the value in making some of the following changes.  Take Notice of Stock Levels to Prevent Waste It’s not always easy to know how much stock to order to satisfy your customer needs, at least not initially, while [&hellip;]
- [Cryogenic Freezers: Their Benefits and Buying Guide](https://peakoil.net/technology/cryogenic-freezers-their-benefits-and-buying-guide/): Cryogenic freezers hold value due to their versatility, as they have multiple uses in biology, chemistry, medicine, food engineering, and medical research. A&nbsp;cryogenic freezer benefits&nbsp;the health sector, enabling scientists to preserve important biological specimens at low temperatures for scientific research and inventions. Cryogenic freezers are also used to preserve food products.&nbsp; As a result, cryogenic freezers are deemed necessary in the health and food industry, but since they are too expensive and require special maintenance, not everyone can afford them. However, several companies like Excedr offer complete guidance and easy leasing procedures to help you out in this regard. Advantages [&hellip;]
- [Cybersecurity Management for the Oil and Gas Industry](https://peakoil.net/technology/cybersecurity-management-for-the-oil-and-gas-industry/): The value of business data has grown significantly in the past few years. As such, networks have become even more vulnerable than before. Likewise, the growing global demand for oil and gas has made industry players lucrative targets for cybercriminals. Dozens of companies have already experienced high-profile attacks. The&nbsp;Colonial Pipeline attack&nbsp;is among the most prominent cybersecurity incidents perpetrated in recent years. The attack compromised the company’s network, shutting down operations. As a result, the East Coast got deprived of a critical pipeline that transports roughly 50% of its gas. According to cybersecurity experts, threat actors will step up their attacks, [&hellip;]
- [Estonian Solar Barrel Technology to Sunny Cuba.](https://peakoil.net/technology/estonian-solar-barrel-technology-to-sunny-cuba/): Estonian solar energy technology to sunny Cuba. SolarBarrel sends its revolutionary photovoltaic kits to Cuba, aiming to give its contribution to increasing the local production of energy from sustainable sources and to help the island’s development in these hard times of environmental and climate challenges, that we and our beloved planet are facing. A fast-growing energy start-up company, based in Tallinn (Estonia), patented cutting-edge technology, super compact, plug&amp;play solar hybrid system to produce and store electricity. With a simple and eye-catching minimal design, every Barrel kit can operate on or off the electrical grid and can be fully customized. It [&hellip;]
- [Emerging Challenges for ESG Reporting](https://peakoil.net/technology/emerging-challenges-for-esg-reporting/): What would your business do without its key stakeholders, such as investors and customers? The short answer is that it would rapidly ebb out. Now, all of these stakeholders want to see one thing: a responsible enterprise. This leaves you with no choice but to&nbsp;embrace ESG reporting&nbsp;fully. ESG sustainability reporting&nbsp;is the disclosure of a company&#8217;s operations and implications in three main areas; environmental, social, and governance. Think of it as a holistic process that touches every aspect of your enterprise to make it better. This means higher productivity, more profits, happy staff, and reduced negative impacts on the environment. It [&hellip;]
- [11 Small Lifestyle Changes That Are Good for the Planet](https://peakoil.net/environment/11-small-lifestyle-changes-that-are-good-for-the-planet/): From budgetary concerns to dietary restrictions, there are many barriers to&nbsp;adopting sustainable practices at home. One thing that shouldn’t get in the way of your sustainable living goals is an all-or-nothing mentality. Much like any lifestyle change, be it weight loss or healthy eating, making the switch to a sustainable lifestyle doesn’t happen overnight. It&#8217;s a lifelong journey that will constantly challenge you to change your habits and ways of thinking. To that end, here are several small, easy, and affordable lifestyle changes you can make that can lead to a healthier, happier planet. Shop with reusable bags Ditching single-use [&hellip;]
- [The Play Of Total Energies For LNG Everything You Should Know About](https://peakoil.net/blog/the-play-of-total-energies-for-lng-everything-you-should-know-about/): TotalEnergies is an exploration and production company active in&nbsp;LNG sts operations.&nbsp;This company has successfully done major projects upstream and downstream in the oil and gas sector. Playing a significant role in liquefaction and natural gas production, it is also active in the marketing domain of oil and gas, playing a vital role in LNG shipping. Energy is focused on the environmental safety solution. It is the leading company that has been successful in controlling methane emissions. According to the international energy agency (IEA), the use of gas can save the environment from 5 BT/ year. From the perspective of the [&hellip;]
- [How to Organize a Stress-free Moving](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-to-organize-a-stress-free-moving/): Moving is always associated with a huge to-do list, fatigue, and nervous breakdowns. But all is not so terrible if this event is approached wisely. You can move in two or three days, even if you are going to change the city of residence, and not just move from one area to another. Moving Preparation Moving begins with packing. In this case, the main thing is not to delay! Ask for help-family, friends, or a professional company like&nbsp;A-Plus Moving Group, so you can handle it several times faster. Prepare the packing materials Boxes and containers are easy to place in [&hellip;]
- [New student competition with the prize pot of €25,000 aspires to help end hunger](https://peakoil.net/blog/new-student-competition-with-the-prize-pot-of-e25000-aspires-to-help-end-hunger/): International think-tank BE OPEN and Cumulus Global Association of Art and Design Education and Research announce the start of a student competition&nbsp;Design to Nurture the Planet&nbsp;to support the sustainability goals, set by the UN states as a call for action to the whole planet. The competition programme is open for students in design, art, and media who are encouraged to submit ideas and projects that focus on SDG2: Zero Hunger. Under the umbrella of zero hunger, SDG2 is not only about ending hunger, but also achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The competition expects to see [&hellip;]
- [5 Additions That Add Value to Your Home (Plus Affordable Ways of Completing the Project!)](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/5-additions-that-add-value-to-your-home-plus-affordable-ways-of-completing-the-project/): Many homeowners assume they must sink thousands of dollars into upgrades to increase the value of their homes. The truth is, some luxurious additions aren&#8217;t worth the cost. They may hinder the number of prospective buyers when it&#8217;s time to sell.&nbsp; So what can you do?&nbsp; Keep reading to discover how curb appeal,&nbsp;residential solar panels, small upgrades to the kitchen, and other additions can immediately add value to your home.&nbsp; Curb Appeal A negative curb appeal is one thing that can immediately hinder all the hard work you put in to make your interior look modern and feel cozy.&nbsp; Additions [&hellip;]
- [Why is Energy Storage Such an Important Part of the Renewable Future?](https://peakoil.net/renewable/why-is-energy-storage-such-an-important-part-of-the-renewable-future/): The old paradigm of power generation and distribution is changing. After years of growth, the era of fossil fuels may be coming to an end. The rise in alternative sources like solar and wind power has led some countries to set ambitious goals for renewable energy production.&nbsp;Energy storage systems in Singapore&nbsp;are one of the main tools that can be used to achieve this, as they’re more efficient in storing sunlight as chemical potential energy in batteries.&nbsp; Energy storage is also an important part of any renewable future because it enables countries to use intermittent sources more effectively. Here&#8217;s why this [&hellip;]
- [What is the cheapest renewable energy?](https://peakoil.net/renewable/what-is-the-cheapest-renewable-energy/): The writing’s been on the wall for some time now – due to&nbsp;declining costs for generating renewable energy, the rising threat of climate change, and advancements in renewable energy technology, it’s clear that fossil fuels are on their way out. But while it might only be a matter of time before carbon-based fuels are replaced by clean renewable energy, what method of producing clean energy might we see in the future? There are arguments to be made for the potential dominance of any of the&nbsp;many different types of clean energy available, and one of the most important factors is cost. [&hellip;]
- [The Benefits Of Solar Power](https://peakoil.net/renewable/the-benefits-of-solar-power/): Solar energy is available in abundance, sustainable and it&#8217;s renewable. Each year, the cost of using solar to create electricity goes down. This is why more and more Americans are turning to solar. With that said, there are many benefits of making the switch to solar. Savings&nbsp; Going solar means potentially lowering monthly utility bills. How much you can save depends on several factors. A few of these factors include: The size of the solar energy system The size and angle of the roof Electricity consumption Whether the system is leased or purchased outright The local electricity rates Anyone who [&hellip;]
- [The best electric cars to buy in 2021](https://peakoil.net/technology/the-best-electric-cars-to-buy-in-2021/): Now electric cars on the roads are no longer something unusual. The popularity of such vehicles is explained by the fact that they are considered safer for cities, reduce noise levels, and their repair is cheaper. At the same time, you need to take a responsible approach to buy electric cars and know which ones deserve your attention.&nbsp; Choosing an electric car can be a difficult task. Now you can find a wide selection of such vehicles that will meet your requirements and preferences. You can choose the model you want and get acquainted with the approximate prices. In this [&hellip;]
- [Modern Factories: How to Create a Favorable Working Environment](https://peakoil.net/blog/modern-factories-how-to-create-a-favorable-working-environment/): Working in the manufacturing industry is a way to take advantage of your knowledge and earn good money, especially if you are living in a well-developed country. However, some job-seekers ignore the opportunities to work in factories due to certain stereotypes and prejudices as to the prestigiousness of this job and the working environment there. Let’s not forget that modern advanced factories drastically differ from their predecessors. And nowadays, people who work in factories have higher salaries, wider opportunities to grow professionally and can count on many other benefits.&nbsp; Of course, much depends on the type of factory you’re working [&hellip;]
- [Tips for an Environmentally Friendly Fleet](https://peakoil.net/technology/tips-for-an-environmentally-friendly-fleet/): Whether you run a trucking company or employ a fleet of drivers in some other capacity for your business, you probably have an impact on the environment. If you&#8217;re concerned about the carbon footprint that your fleet is responsible for, there are plenty of things you can do to make it greener. Training your drivers, providing incentives, maintaining and upgrading your vehicles, investing in a greener fleet, and staying on top of innovations are all great ways to make your business more sustainable. Train Your Drivers Training drivers on behavior that is more fuel-efficient is an important step. This includes [&hellip;]
- [Why Students Should Use Essay Writing Services](https://peakoil.net/blog/why-students-should-use-essay-writing-services/): Studying in college without writing papers is impossible, and the majority of students realize it. However, it doesn’t mean they put up with the fact that they need to spend valuable time on writing assignments. Students consider all written assignments useless, and it’s easy to understand why. But in reality, all written assignments have certain benefits for students, their knowledge, and their ability to learn new information. Therefore, listing them here makes no sense because students will continue considering them negatively and will avoid writing papers.&nbsp; And, probably, the most widespread way to do it is to get help from [&hellip;]
- [Spiders in Southern Utah](https://peakoil.net/blog/spiders-in-southern-utah/): How much do you know about spiders?&nbsp; Can you consider them your friendly neighbor or your terrifying foe? Are they good or bad for your property?&nbsp; Well, it depends on the spider species. Spiders have been inhabitants of Earth for over 400 million years. According to experts, they discovered more than 45,000 species, and around half are yet to be identified. In Southern Utah, there are roughly 600 species of spiders. They are so common that it is not surprising to know a spider or two maybe 10 feet away from you. Pretty much all spiders are venomous. The good [&hellip;]
- [Gasoline vs. Diesel Generators: Pros and Cons of Each Type of Generator](https://peakoil.net/blog/gasoline-vs-diesel-generators-pros-and-cons-of-each-type-of-generator/): It doesn’t matter if you are a small business owner or an individual looking for a generator to power your workspace or home. Sound knowledge of generators will help you make an informed purchase decision. The two most common types that anyone in the market for generators will come across are gasoline and diesel. Since gas and diesel are readily available everywhere, most first-time generator buyers opt for either of these two. This article is meant to help everyone know the difference between gasoline and diesel generators. Additionally, we will also tell you about the pros and cons of each [&hellip;]
- [The Value of Zero: 6 Tips for Designing a Net-Zero Home](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/the-value-of-zero-6-tips-for-designing-a-net-zero-home/): Whether it be a running tap, one-too-many loads of laundry, or chemical-ridden cleaning products, our at-home rituals do little to preserve the delicate ecosystems around us. Aside from our collections of landfill-bound coffee capsules and our energy-inefficient habit of switching on lamps for sport, the construction of single-family homes can terrorize local wildlife and pollute the air our neighbors breathe. So, how do we reverse the damage of construction-site-induced soil erosion and fossil fuel pollution? Is it as simple as shortening our showers or ditching paper towels in favor of reusable dishcloths? While these simple household changes can trigger a [&hellip;]
- [5 Ways SCADA Systems Have Improved Oil and Gas Industry Efficiency](https://peakoil.net/technology/5-ways-scada-systems-have-improved-oil-and-gas-industry-efficiency/): Success in the oil and gas industry depends on a business’s ability to monitor thousands of miles of pipelines, extraction sites, and plant operations in different geographic locations in real-time. Collecting and monitoring such a high volume of information is easier and more efficient with SCADA systems. SCADA, which stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, is a data collection and analytical system that improves large-scale operational efficiency by automating the routine processes conducted by a business. By improving efficiency in the oil and gas industry, SCADA helps reduce power consumption and wasted fuel. Oil and gas companies can turn [&hellip;]
- [Foolproof Ways to Make Your Car More Fuel Efficient](https://peakoil.net/blog/foolproof-ways-to-make-your-car-more-fuel-efficient/): With the price of gasoline always fluctuating, it is a smart idea to constantly find new ways to make your vehicle just a bit more fuel-efficient. Less money paid to the oil companies means more money left in your pocket and that&#8217;s always a good thing, right? With that in mind, here are a few simple ways that you can stretch your fuel dollar without even thinking about it. Don&#8217;t Use as a Storage Unit Keeping mounds of junk in your backseat or trunk is a sure way to needlessly burn through gasoline. Get rid of any extra stuff that [&hellip;]
- [8 Tips for Creating a Safe Working Environment in a Manufacturing Plant or Factory](https://peakoil.net/blog/8-tips-for-creating-a-safe-working-environment-in-a-manufacturing-plant-or-factory/): As a manager or employer, ensuring safety at your factory or manufacturing plant should be your topmost priority. No matter what, you can never put a price on your workers’ lives. That is why it is crucial to ensure a safe working environment at these places. To ensure the safety of your workers, here are a few tips that you should consider.&nbsp; &nbsp;#1 Ensuring Proper Training and Education Proper training and education come a long way in ensuring worker safety. Your factory should follow the&nbsp;standards set by OSHA&nbsp;&#8211; Occupational Safety and Health Administration &#8211; while preparing the training module. You [&hellip;]
- [Cooking Oil Recycling Home Creative Uses](https://peakoil.net/blog/cooking-oil-recycling-home-creative-uses/): Home and commercial kitchens use cooking oil for different types of recipes. While it plays the most important part in cooking, recycling or disposing of used oil does not come too easy. Disposing of used cooking oil down the sink is out of the question because it clogs the drainage causing immense problems. Throwing used oil in landfills is another bad idea because it contaminates the environment and if it finds its way to the sewer system, it causes clogging.&nbsp;Cooking oil recycling&nbsp;is the most decent and best way to prevent damage to the environment, sewer systems, and kitchen drains. If [&hellip;]
- [How to Use Customer Testimonials to Your Brand's Advantage](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-to-use-customer-testimonials-to-your-brands-advantage/): In today&#8217;s business world one of the most important things is to build loyalty and trust with your customers. That&#8217;s the best way to create long-lasting relationships with clients that will always return to you. But what is the best way to get new customers or to convert your prospects into your customers? People no longer believe everything one brand tells &#8211; they are looking for social proof. Customer testimonials are the best form of social proof and in this article, we&#8217;ll explain how to use them to your brand&#8217;s advantage. If you don&#8217;t have a lot of testimonials yet, [&hellip;]
- [Top 10 College Essay Writing Services](https://peakoil.net/blog/top-10-college-essay-writing-services/): Studying at college may seem a piece of cake compared to doing shifts at some fast-food cafe trying to earn a living. But in reality, college life is not that easy, and students face lots of challenges daily, too. So, it’s no wonder that college essay writing services are highly popular.&nbsp; However, choosing a reliable service that will provide you with quality work on time and not make you go bankrupt at the same time is a difficult task by itself. So, we’ve put together a list of the top ten college essay writing services to help you make the [&hellip;]
- [3 Tips to Make Your Home More Sustainable](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/3-tips-to-make-your-home-more-sustainable/): We all must make changes to help the world around us, and there are several practical steps we can take to live a more sustainable life, starting with our home. Sustainable homes help improve the current state of the environment by&nbsp;reducing our carbon footprint. A sustainable home will also save energy, water, and lower utility bills, adding overall value to the property. People looking to make a change can consider features such as lighting, heating systems, plumbing, windows, and smart technology, plus many more, and look for ways to upgrade or switch out details to make them more eco-friendly. More [&hellip;]
- [Why Electrical Safety Inspections are Essential During the Winter](https://peakoil.net/blog/why-electrical-safety-inspections-are-essential-during-the-winter/): Worried about home fires and electrical hazards? Looking for ways to prevent the potential damages? Check out our article to learn more about it!&nbsp; With winter bringing in the holiday festivities, soon, all the homes in your area will be buzzing with beautiful decorations and a cheery atmosphere.&nbsp; Imagine all your friends and family coming over or you going over to their houses, binge-watching Holiday movies, and getting awesome presents &#8211; it&#8217;s easily the most wonderful time of the year.&nbsp; However, there are a few things like home fires and electrical hazards that can put a damper on your holiday [&hellip;]
- [What Is Polar Amplification And How Is It Related To Climate Change?](https://peakoil.net/environment/what-is-polar-amplification-and-how-is-it-related-to-climate-change/): Polar amplification happens when changes to the earth’s atmosphere lead to a larger difference in temperature near the north and south poles than to the rest of the world. This phenomenon is measured against the average temperature change of the planet. It can occur when the atmosphere’s net radiation balance is affected by an increase in greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are naturally present in our atmosphere. However, if they are too concentrated, they prevent heat from escaping into space and cause the earth to warm. A&nbsp;recent post&nbsp;notes that climate change due to increased greenhouse gases is causing Arctic ice to [&hellip;]
- [The Industrial Health Benefits of CBD for Oil Riggers](https://peakoil.net/blog/the-industrial-health-benefits-of-cbd-for-oil-riggers/): Men and women who work as oil riggers subject their bodies to intense wear and tear nearly every day. Some people who find themselves in this line of work will do hard manual labor for decades. They face numerous shoulder pain complaints, debilitating respiratory trouble, and lousy muscle fatigue every night they come home.&nbsp; The good news is, CBD, also known as cannabidiol, can help oil riggers find the relief they deserve. CBD is a substance derived from the cannabis Sativa or hemp plant. Oil riggers and other manual laborers can find CBD hemp flower for sale online. There are also many different methods and [&hellip;]
- [The Best Air Compressor Oil Substitutes](https://peakoil.net/blog/the-best-air-compressor-oil-substitutes/): Oil-lubricated air compressors need oil to help cool the cylinder head and prolong the compressor&#8217;s life. When working with a&nbsp;20-gallon&nbsp;air compressor or larger, it will likely be a splash lubricated oil system. These compressors require you to change the oil at regular intervals. How Often Should You Change Your Compressor&#8217;s Oil? The compressor will need an oil change every 400 hours when using conventional oil. With synthetic oil, you need to change it every 1,000 hours. Always defer to your compressor&#8217;s operating guide for the most accurate oil change requirements. So often, we only use our compressor infrequently, and we [&hellip;]
- [When to Replace and Repair Oil Tank](https://peakoil.net/blog/when-to-replace-and-repair-oil-tank/): Generally, oil tanks service life can last up to 20 years. Proper maintenance of oil tanks can serve a homeowner a longer lifespan than those who do not observe its condition. During cold winter seasons, oil tanks are likely to run into issues. Watching the oil tank from time to time will help you correct any disruption. Below are signs that show your tank needs maintenance or replacement. Rusty tank When the tank&#8217;s body is rusty or corroded, this is a sign that your tank could be leaking, and its operations are not efficient. You need to call an oil [&hellip;]
- [5 Uses of Oil that Make our Lives Better](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/5-uses-of-oil-that-make-our-lives-better/): Oil has historically been one of the world’s most important resources, particularly regarding energy supply to both the commercial and domestic sectors. Although the industry makes considerable contributions to numerous economies around the world, it has also often come under fire for its impact on the environment. Many leading oil companies have addressed this, using advanced technologies to increase the efficiency of their exploration, production, and transportation activities. These include BP PLC, Total S.A., Royal Dutch Shell PLC, and Petroteq Energy Inc; they have invested in renewable energies or altered their procedures to become much more eco-friendly. A barrel of [&hellip;]
- [Can You Swim In Galveston?](https://peakoil.net/environment/can-you-swim-in-galveston/): Texas is one of the nation’s hubs of the oil industry, bringing benefits in terms of the economy and the energy sector. Some downsides can come with that, however. For example, oil spills can happen, and the equipment used in oil production can be dangerous. Many workers are exposed to toxic substances, leading to health issues, including respiratory problems and brain damage. The environment and people who don’t work in the oil industry can also be affected. Galveston is a popular Texas beach destination for people from around the state and the country. Still, the area also consistently ranks high in [&hellip;]
- [Disposing of Cars with Alternative Energy Sources](https://peakoil.net/technology/disposing-of-cars-with-alternative-energy-sources/): Electric vehicles (EVs) have been hailed to answer the pollution and environmental damage that gas-powered cars produce. While they do offer many benefits to both drivers and the environment, electric vehicles are not perfect.  The greatest damage electric vehicles can cause comes from the very thing that makes them environmentally friendly: their batteries. While these efficient vehicles do not burn exhaust or require gasoline, their batteries are toxic when not reused or disposed of properly.  With the growing demand for electric and hybrid cars and no concrete solution to the lithium-ion battery dilemma, it is difficult to know what to [&hellip;]
- [How small to mid-size oil and gas operators are adapting to COVID-19](https://peakoil.net/blog/how-small-mid-size-oil-gas-operators-adapting-covid-19/): At the beginning of March 2020, the oil price war set a production crisis in motion for the oil and gas industry. The oil war between Russia and Saudia Arabia resulted in an unprecedented increase in the production of oil. The disagreement caused the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) price to drop from about $45 to $30 per barrel of oil. Before the lockdown due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced, the industry was already dealing with the threat of a surplus in oil and limited space to store it. By the end of March, President Donald Trump finally declared COVID-19, a national [&hellip;]
- [A Quick Guide To Removing An Underground Oil Tank](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/guide-to-removing-underground-oil-tank/): Underground oil tanks were commonly used from the 1930s to the 1980s to hold large amounts of liquids underground on residential and commercial properties. Because of the way they are constructed, some fail due to corrosion or damage from natural elements. When this happens, a property owner may find that removing the tank is the best option for remedying the problem. Removing an underground oil tank can be a complicated endeavor. Due to the size and location of the tanks, professional help is generally needed for the removal. Here are the things that property owners need to know when considering removing [&hellip;]
- [How Can Municipal Water Systems Respond To Climate Change?](https://peakoil.net/environment/how-can-municipal-water-systems-respond-to-climate-change/): Climate Change Demands Sustainable Water System Solutions Across the United States, municipal water systems are a lifeline, providing safe drinking water to millions of people – or at least they’re supposed to. Unfortunately, we’ve seen that places like Flint, Michigan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Newark, New Jersey, are just a few of the US cities with badly contaminated water. With climate change, the situation is only getting worse. Faced with uncertain conditions and new environmental strains, municipal water systems must adapt, and they need to do so quickly. That includes identifying unique regional water issues, repairing structural issues, and ensuring access to [&hellip;]
- [NYC Guides – Choosing Heating Oil Companies in New York City](https://peakoil.net/blog/nyc-guides-choosing-heating-oil-companies-in-new-york-city/): New York City is the financial center and commercial hub of the United States. It is the most populous city in the US, with over 8 million people. It is also the wealthiest of US cities and prominent for international diplomacy as it hosts the headquarters of the United Nations and other world entities. Colloquially known as NYC by its many residents, New York is the most commercially, religiously, and ethnically diverse city in the US with a representation of different religions and ethnic groups from all over the world. New York winters are chilly and being the coldest time [&hellip;]
- [Reducing Your Energy Bill with Green Boilers](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/reducing-your-energy-bill-with-green-boilers/): The UK government estimates that 60% of the country’s energy consumption goes to indoor heating spaces and while another 15% goes to boiling water. With so much energy going to heating, the imperative is on home and property owners to look for heating solutions that conserve energy and reduce environmental impact. Green boilers are one of the sustainable ways of generating heat for heating water and space. What are the green boilers? Green boilers save energy when heating so that their environmental impact is minimal. Such boilers have a rating of 88% and above and fall under class A or [&hellip;]
- [Natural and Organic Pesticides for Your Garden](https://peakoil.net/sustainability/natural-and-organic-pesticides-for-your-garden/): Organic and natural pest control keeps many gardeners busy. Natural household pesticides are not just easy to make; they are safer and cheaper than several products you can purchase in stores. Here are some natural and organic pesticides that you can use in your garden. 1. Neem Oil Pesticide Neem tree seeds produce an oil that is a great natural pesticide, which can interrupt the life phase of insects at every stage (eggs, larvae, and adults), making it a massive resource for the landscape gardener. The neem oil performs as a hormonal disruptor and as an &#8220;antinutrient&#8221; for pests that [&hellip;]
- [How CRM and ERPs Can Be Used in the Oil Industry](https://peakoil.net/technology/how-crm-erps-can-be-used-in-oil-industry/): No industry is exempt from the impacts of digital transformation. Even companies that rely heavily on physical infrastructure and engineering are finding that they must integrate software solutions that keep them productive and competitive in the digital age. Oil companies are a prime example of the type of complex operations that require the support of sophisticated software solutions. Their operations demand such a high degree of resource coordination across large workforces under strict cost constraints. As a result, few – if any – key players in the oil and gas industry can survive without an effective Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) [&hellip;]

## Pages

- [카지노 사이트 가이드 - 2026년 인기 온라인 카지노 게임 소개](https://peakoil.net/neu/): 가상의 세계, 온라인 카지노 세상에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 코로나19 창궐 이후 비대면 시장이 커지면서 온라인 카지노 시장도 커지고 있습니다. 본 사이트는 이제 막 입문한 초보자도 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 다양한 카지노 게임 및 카지노 사이트 비교, 분석을 통해 플레이어가 믿고 안전하게 게임을 즐길 수 있도록 가이드 역할을 합니다. 온라인상에는 수많은 카지노 사이트들이 있습니다. 플레이어 개인이 각각의 카지노 사이트에 대한 안전성과 신뢰성을 확인하기에는 무리가 있습니다. 따라서 신뢰할 수 있는 온라인 카지노를 선택하는 것이 중요합니다. 수많은 사이트들 중 신뢰성이 높고 안전한 사이트에 대한 분석과 비교가 필요합니다. 개인이 일일이 확인할 수 없는 온라인 카지노 사이트를 본 사이트의 운영진 및 업계에서 오랜 경력을 쌓아온 [&hellip;]
- [2026년 최고의 바카라 사이트 이용 가이드: 규칙, 확률, 베팅 전략 및 안전 검증 기준](https://peakoil.net/baccarat-site/): 바카라 사이트의 모든 것: 전문가가 전하는 규칙, 전략 및 안전 이용 가이드 온라인 카지노 시장에서 가장 높은 점유율을 차지하는 게임을 꼽으라면 단연 바카라(Baccarat)입니다. 단순한 규칙과 빠른 게임 진행 덕분에 &#8216;카지노의 꽃&#8217; 혹은 &#8216;왕의 게임&#8217;이라는 별칭을 얻었으며, 전 세계 하이롤러들이 가장 선호하는 종목이기도 합니다. 하지만 수많은 온라인 바카라 사이트 중에서 공정하고 안전한 곳을 선택하는 것은 수익률만큼이나 중요합니다. 본 가이드에서는 바카라의 기초부터 고급 전략, 그리고 신뢰할 수 있는 사이트를 판별하는 기준까지 상세히 다룹니다. 1. 바카라의 역사와 유래: 15세기 이탈리아에서 현대 카지노까지 바카라는 15세기 말 이탈리아의 펠릭스 팔기에르(Felix Falguiere)에 의해 처음 고안된 것으로 알려져 있습니다. &#8216;바카라&#8217;라는 단어는 이탈리아어로 &#8216;0&#8217;을 의미하며, 이는 10과 페이스 [&hellip;]
- [카지노 사이트 가이드 - 2026년 인기 온라인 카지노 게임 소개](https://peakoil.net/new/): 가상의 세계, 온라인 카지노 세상에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 코로나19 창궐 이후 비대면 시장이 커지면서 온라인 카지노 시장도 커지고 있습니다. 본 사이트는 이제 막 입문한 초보자도 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 다양한 카지노 게임 및 카지노 사이트 비교, 분석을 통해 플레이어가 믿고 안전하게 게임을 즐길 수 있도록 가이드 역할을 합니다. 온라인상에는 수많은 카지노 사이트들이 있습니다. 플레이어 개인이 각각의 카지노 사이트에 대한 안전성과 신뢰성을 확인하기에는 무리가 있습니다. 따라서 신뢰할 수 있는 온라인 카지노를 선택하는 것이 중요합니다. 수많은 사이트들 중 신뢰성이 높고 안전한 사이트에 대한 분석과 비교가 필요합니다. 개인이 일일이 확인할 수 없는 온라인 카지노 사이트를 본 사이트의 운영진 및 업계에서 오랜 경력을 쌓아온 [&hellip;]
- [먹튀검증 가이드 – 안전한 카지노 사이트 찾는 법 (2026년 업데이트)](https://peakoil.net/%eb%a8%b9%ed%8a%80%ea%b2%80%ec%a6%9d-%ea%b0%80%ec%9d%b4%eb%93%9c/): 온라인 베팅을 즐기는 사람이 늘어남과 함께 현재 인터넷상에는 다양한 카지노 플랫폼들이 생겨나고 있습니다. 빠르고 간편하게 등록하기만 하면 손쉽게 배팅을 걸 수 있고, 높은 수익을 노릴 수도 있다는 점이 사람들을 끌어들이고 있습니다. 하지만 편리함이 늘어날수록 그에 따라오는 위험 요소 또한 증가하기 마련입니다. 특히 적법한 절차 없이 플레이어 자금을 빼돌리고 출금 요청을 무시하는 ‘먹튀’ 사태가 현재 온라인 카지노의 대표적인 문제로 떠오르고 있습니다. 먹튀 사이트가 늘어나고 있는 상황 속에서 이를 미리 예방하고 대처하는 것은 중요합니다. 쉽게 말해, 먹튀검증을 통해 먹튀를 자행하는 악덕 사이트를 미리 걸러내고, 안정적으로 운영되는 곳만 선별하여 안전한 게임 환경을 보장하는 곳에서 게임을 즐겨야 합니다. 이번 가이드에서는 먹튀검증의 개념부터 핵심 요소, [&hellip;]
- [카지노 사이트 가이드 - 2026년 인기 온라인 카지노 게임 소개](https://peakoil.net/): 가상의 세계, 온라인 카지노 세상에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 코로나19 창궐 이후 비대면 시장이 커지면서 온라인 카지노 시장도 커지고 있습니다. 본 사이트는 이제 막 입문한 초보자도 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 다양한 카지노 게임 및 카지노 사이트 비교, 분석을 통해 플레이어가 믿고 안전하게 게임을 즐길 수 있도록 가이드 역할을 합니다. 온라인상에는 수많은 카지노 사이트들이 있습니다. 플레이어 개인이 각각의 카지노 사이트에 대한 안전성과 신뢰성을 확인하기에는 무리가 있습니다. 따라서 신뢰할 수 있는 온라인 카지노를 선택하는 것이 중요합니다. 수많은 사이트들 중 신뢰성이 높고 안전한 사이트에 대한 분석과 비교가 필요합니다. 개인이 일일이 확인할 수 없는 온라인 카지노 사이트를 본 사이트의 운영진 및 업계에서 오랜 경력을 쌓아온 [&hellip;]
- [Privacy & Terms](https://peakoil.net/privacy/): Privacy Policy Privacy Policy applies to all of the services provided at the Peakoil.net website. This Privacy Policy is subject to change. 1. Collected information When using Peakoil.net website, we may collect the following types of information: Registration: Upon registration to a Peakoil.net account, the only required information is a username, e-mail address, and password. You may also enter other personal information such as your name, surname, address, etc., which is not required. We may use this information to improve our services. Cookies: Peakoil.net uses pieces of software called cookies to ensure the completeness of our services. Cookies collect the [&hellip;]
- [About Us](https://peakoil.net/about/): Peakoil.net has expanded to be one of the leading green voices throughout the internet. Covering all topics green over the past few years, we recognized that more focused attention was needed to be put on new and expanding markets that prioritize sustainability. We are the flagship blog that started it all. We focus on delivering green news and tips with a down to earth approach that anyone can apply to their daily life. Our green tips have grown substantially over the past few years, and we&#8217;re proud to have so many tips that people can apply in their daily life. [&hellip;]
- [IWOOD 2002 - Uppsala](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/iwood-2002-uppsala/): INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON OIL DEPLETION  Uppsala, Sweden, May 23-25, 2002 Organised by Uppsala University and ASPO,the Association for the Study of Peak Oil ASPO newsletter &nbsp; Press release from ASPO ( release, figure ) Go to proceedings with PowerPoint precentations and The ASPO Statistical Review of Oil and Gas. ( proceedings ) Some photos from the workshop ( photos ) Statement by Matthew Simmons, energy adviser for President Bush:  We need a wake up call. We need it desperately. We need basically a new form of energy. I dont know that there is one.  (TV4, Sweden) &nbsp;   Program (open [&hellip;]
- [ASPO 7 - Spain](https://peakoil.net/aspo-7-spain/): The ASPO 7 Conference took place in Barcelona, Spain, in in 20-21 October 2008 The conference attracted over 200 participants and devoted one day to &#8220;below ground&#8221; problems and one day to &#8220;above ground&#8221; issues. ASPO 7 CONFERENCES BARCELONA 2008 &#8211; PRESENTATIONS FOR DOWNLOAD Kjell Aleklett President of ASPO International. Professor of the University of Uppsala. Welcome address. PDF file, 3,3MB Kjell Aleklett President of ASPO International. Professor of the University of Uppsala. Peak Oil and Economical Growth in Africa. PDF file, 4MB Carlos de Castro Ass. Professor Dept. Applied Physics, University of Valladolid. World Energy-economy scenarios with system dynamics [&hellip;]
- [ASPO 5 - Italy](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/aspo-5-italy/): The Fifth International Conference of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO-5) was held on July 18-19 2006 in San Rossore (near Pisa) in Italy. Over 250 people attended the 25 talks presented by international experts and discussed the numerous poster presentation. The conference was also attended by more than 30 media representatives from all over the world and by numerous media teams. Go to the conference web site (external link) ‹ ASPO 6 &#8211; Ireland  up  IWOOD 2005 &#8211; Lisbon ›
- [IWOOD 2005 - Lisbon](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/iwood-2005-lisbon/): Go to the conference website (external link) ‹ ASPO 5 &#8211; Italy  up IWOOD 2004 &#8211; Berlin ›
- [IWOOD 2003 - Paris](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/iwood-2003-paris/): Proceedings of the  2nd International Workshop On Oil Depletion Paris, France, May 26-27 2003 Organised by the Association for the Study of Peak Oil&amp;Gas The workshop was held at the  Institut Francais du Pétrole , Rueil Malmaison, Paris. If information and other material from this proceeding is used the following reference should be given:   Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Oil Depletion, Paris, France, May 26-27 2003, Edited by K. Aleklett, C. Campbell and J. Meyer, www.peakoil.net/iwood2003 . (This page will be updated when we get new PowerPoint presentations and papers.) Programme booklet (Welcome, General Depletion Picture, Programme, [&hellip;]
- [Books](https://peakoil.net/books/): Published Title Author(s) 2011-08-08 Beyond Oil Bust J. Leigh, P. Vukovic 2011-04-25 Life without Oil: Why we must Shift to a New Energy Future S. Hallet, J. Wright 2010-06-22 The Completion of the Oil Era: The Economic Impact C.A. Rossi 2009-06-01 Bottleneck: Humanitys Impending Impasse William Catton 2009-06-01 Death of Nations in Civilization Clash J. Leigh 2009-05-19 Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller Jeff Rubin 2008-09-29 Tar sands &#8211; dirty oil and the future of a continent Andrew Nikiforuk 2008-03-06 The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience Rob Hopkins 2008-02-01 Oil, Peak Production [&hellip;]
- [Other Reports and Articles](https://peakoil.net/other-reports-and-articles/): Published Title Author(s) 2009-10-05 Comments on &#8220;Squeezing more oil from the ground&#8221; Jean Laherrere 2009-04-24 Energy Is Everything Micheal Lardelli 2008-12-05 Biofuels &#8211; The good, the bad and the unlikely Kirk Berge 2008-12-01 Thermodynamics and the Economic Process John Bryant 2008-10-29 The Oil Crunch UK Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil and Energy Security 2008-10-21 Global Energy Transition Plan Andrew McKillop 2008-08-13 Peak Oil &amp; mesothelioma &#8211; how to ease two problems at once The Mesothelioma &amp; Asbestos Awareness Center 2008-08-08 The Coming Oil Supply Crunch Paul Stevens 2008-03-27 The Paradox of Production John Michael Greer 2008-02-13 An Oil Crisis is [&hellip;]
- [Articles Published In Newspapers](https://peakoil.net/articles-published-in-newspapers/): Published Title Author(s) 2009-05-03 Getting Real on Wind and Solar J. Schlesinger, R.L. Hirsch 2009-01-28 Oil: what goes down must go up? Richard Stuebi 2008-12-17 World Coal Reserves Could Be a Fraction of Previous Estimates Alexis Madrigal 2008-09-28 Are we running on empty? Fred K. Duennebier 2008-08-19 Waking up to the threat of peak oil Ron Way 2008-06-25 The link between oil and xenophobia Simon Ratcliffe 2008-05-29 Gordon Brown doesnt get the oil crisis David Strahan 2008-03-05 Lump sums David Strahan 2008-03-05 Oils End Timothy Egan 2008-01-15 Times up for petrol cars, says GM chief Joshua Dowling ‹ Articles published [&hellip;]
- [Statistics](https://peakoil.net/statistics/): On this page, we will try to assemble various energy resource material, such as different assessments from several organizations. Secondly, older versions of these evaluations will be made available so people more easily can study the evolution of energy statistics. BP Statistical Review of World Energy (Mostly excel-files) BP Stat 2001 (pdf-version) BP Stat 2002 BP Stat 2003 BP Stat 2004 BP Stat 2005 BP Stat 2006 BP Stat 2007 BP Stat 2008 BP Stat 2009 BP Stat 2010 German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) &#8211; Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources BGR 2004 BGR 2005 [&hellip;]
- [Articles Published In Magazines](https://peakoil.net/articles-published-in-magazines/): Published Title Author(s) 2009-08-09 Peak Oil for Dummies Lionel Badal 2008-12-30 Do we need to worry about Peak Oil? K. Aleklett, M. Lynch 2008-12-19 Expert: Coal Reserve Estimates Way Too High Michael Kanellos 2008-10-10 Energy Security In Mexico: Problems and Implications Jude Clemente 2008-08-10 The only way is down The Economist 2008-08-01 Cantarell Is Not Mexico’s Only Oil Production Problem Jude Clemente 2008-05-14 World oil supply-what goes up must come down, but when will it peak? J. Laherrere 2008-04-15 The Peak is Nigh Tom Nicholls 2008-03-08 Uninvited observations Kjell Aleklett 2008-02-20 Oil Shock Kjell Aleklett 2008-01-14 Peak oil models forecast [&hellip;]
- [ASPO Conferences](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/): Here is a list of upcoming and previous conferences and workshops. ASPO 7 &#8211; Spain ASPO 6 &#8211; Ireland ASPO 5 &#8211; Italy IWOOD 2005 &#8211; Lisbon IWOOD 2004 &#8211; Berlin IWOOD 2003 &#8211; Paris IWOOD 2002 &#8211; Uppsala
- [Contact Us](https://peakoil.net/contact-us/)
- [Academic Theses](https://peakoil.net/academic-theses/): Published Title Author(s) 2010-09-24 Coal and Oil: The Dark Monarchs of Global Energy M. Höök 2009-05-01 Depletion and Decline Curve Analysis in Crude Oil Production M. Höök 2008-12-19 Aviation fuels and Peak Oil E. Nygren 2008-07-31 Peak Oil: The eventual end of the oil age Jonah J. Ralston 2008-06-04 Beyond oil: Shanghai H. Palmer, M. Dudley 2008-04-17 The political economy of oil depletion Veronica Cinti 2008-02-04 Strategic choices for amanaging the transition from Peak Oil to a reduced petroleum economy Sarah K. Odland 2008-01-22 Oil Dependencies and Peak Oils Effects on Oil Consumption: A case study of six countries J. [&hellip;]
- [ASPO 6 - Ireland](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/aspo-6-ireland/): The Time to React? &#8211; ASPO 6 Conference took place in Cork, Ireland 17th-18th September 2007. More information can be found on the conference website Go to conference website (external link) ‹ ASPO 7 &#8211; Spain  up  ASPO 5 &#8211; Italy ›
- [Peer Reviewed Articles](https://peakoil.net/peer-reviewed-articles/): Published Title Author(s) 2012-04-02 Peak oil and significant change for rural Australia D. Coventry 2012-01-30 World Oil Production via Hubbert Linearization of Production and Normalizations of Production W.B. Carlson 2012-01-05 A Geopolitics of Cyprus J. Leigh, P. Vukovic 2011-07-01 Oil production: A probabilistic model of the Hubbert curve B. Michel 2011-06-01 Descriptive and predictive growth curves in energy system analysis M. Höök et al. 2011-04-25 New Tourism in a New Society Arises from Peak Oil J. Leigh 2011-04-25 The Modeling of World Oil Production Using Sigmoidal Functions—Update 2010 W.B. Carlson 2010-09-01 Trends in U.S. recoverable coal supply estimates and future [&hellip;]
- [IWOOD 2004 - Berlin](https://peakoil.net/aspo-conferences/iwood-2004-berlin/): Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop On Oil &amp; Gas Depletion Berlin, Germany, May 25-26 2004 Organized by the Association for the Study of Peak Oil &amp; Gas Program &#8211; Speakers &#8211; Abstract The workshop was held at the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Markgrafenstrasse 38 (Gendarmenmarkt), Berlin, Germany. If information and other material from this proceeding is used the following reference should be given: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Oil&amp;Gas Depletion, Berlin, Germany, France, May 25-26 2004, Edited by K. Aleklett, J.P. Gerling, www.peakoil.net/iwood2004 The following presentations are available Scientific Program Power- point Natural Gas, Chair: C Campbell [&hellip;]

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